زمينه ها و عوامل طرحِ انديشه سياسي «قيام به سيف» در قرن دوم هجري

The Grounds of Political Thought of “Armed Uprising” in the Second Century After Hijrah

يكي از انديشه هاي بنيادين و موثر در تحولات سياسي و مذهبي تاريخ اسلام در قرن دوم هجري، ضرورت مقابله مسلحانه رهبران ديني بر ضد خلفا و حاكمان اموي و عباسي بود. اين باور، با پيگيري مداوم از سوي زيدبن علي (م 122ق) عليه حكومت اموي بروز يافت و بعدها نيز توسط زيدي مسلكان با عنوان «قيام به سيف» دنبال شد. نوشتار حاضر، بر آن است با بهره گيري از نظريه «محروميت نسبي» رابِرت گِر، زمينه ها و عوامل شكل گيري اين عقيده را بررسي نمايد. يافته هاي تحقيق، بيانگر آن است كه محروميت پيش رونده جامعه شيعي، به دليل تحولات تاريخي پس از عصر نبوي، به تدريج سبب تمركز نارضايتي آنان بر اهداف سياسي شد و از سوي ديگر، توجيهات هنجاري و سودجويانه، زيد و زيدي مسلكان را به پافشاري بر اين باور، و فرهيختگان و عموم جامعه را به استقبال از آن، تشويق نمود.

One of the fundamental and effective considerations in the political and religious development of history of Islam in the second century was the necessity of the equipped confrontation of religious leaders against the Abbasid and Umayyad caliphs and rulers. This belief was manifested with the continuous perusing of Zeid ibn e- Ali (122 After Hijrah) against Umayyad government and later on، it was followed by Zeidiyeh under the title of equipped upraising. The present writing is to investigate the grounds and elements of developing this belief by taking advantage of Robert Gurr’s “relative deprivation theory”. The findings of research presents that the developing deprivation of Shiite society gradually led to their dissatisfaction towards the political objectives due to the historical developments in era of Prophet Mohammad PBUH and on the other hand، the standard and beneficial justifications encouraged Zeid and its followers towards insisting on this belief as well as its welcoming by the elites and people of community.