كليدواژه :
شهرهاي ساحلي و غيرساحلي , شهرهاي استان بوشهر , ساختار فضايي , برنامه‌ريزي راهبردي
چكيده فارسي :
بسياري از شهرهاي بزرگ جهان در محيط‌هاي ساحلي واقع شده‌اند و همة اين شهرها موقعيت‌هاي مهمي در اقتصاد، فرهنگ و كاركردهاي اجتماعي دارند. با چنين شرايطي، توسعة اين شهرها به سرمايه‌گذاري گستردة سهامداران و ذي‌نفعان منجر مي‌شود و به‌اين‌ترتيب ساختار فضايي ساير شهرهاي غيرساحلي منطقه از اين توسعه تأثير مي‌پذيرند. هدف از اين پژوهش، تحليلي بر ساختار فضايي شهرهاي ساحلي و غيرساحلي در راستاي تدوين برنامه‌ريزي راهبردي شهرهاي استان بوشهر است. نوع پژوهش كاربردي و روش بررسي آن توصيفي- تحليلي است. جامعة آماري مورد مطالعه در اين تحقيق 31 نقطة شهري ساحلي و غيرساحلي استان بوشهر در سال 1390 است. براي جمع‌آوري اطلاعات در اين تحقيق از روش كتابخانه‌اي (اسنادي) استفاده شده است. براي تجزيه و تحليل داده‌ها از مدل‌هاي برنامه‌ريزي شهري و منطقه‌اي (رتبه– اندازة شهري، نخست شهري، ضريب كشش‌پذيري و مدل برنامه‌ريزي راهبردي SWOT) و به‌منظور بررسي ارتباط بين متغيرهاي مستقل و وابسته و تجزيه و تحليل استنباطي داده‌ها از آزمون‌هاي آمار استنباطي و مدل‌هاي پيشرفتة آماري مانند ضريب رگرسيون چندمتغيره، تحليل واريانس، برازش رگرسيون و آزمون T-text استفاده شده است. يافته‌هاي تحليلي استفاده از مدل رگرسيوني چندگانة توأم نشان مي‌دهد شهرهاي ساحلي كه ميدان‌هاي نفتي و گازي عظيمي دارند، سطح توسعة فضايي بسيار بالاتري نيز دارند؛ به‌طوري‌كه به ازاي يك واحد تغيير در اثر انحراف معيار كاركرد اقتصادي ساحل ۰/۸۱۴ واحد تغيير در ساختار فضايي شهرهاي ساحلي ايجاد مي‌شود. همچنين، نتايج ضريب اسپيرمن برابر با ۰/۸۶۵ است كه اين مقدار نشان مي‌دهد ارتباط خيلي مثبت و قوي بين توزيع جمعيت و رشد و توسعة كاركردهاي اقتصادي، فرهنگي، زيربنايي و حمل‌ونقل بين شهرهاي ساحلي و غيرساحلي استان بوشهر وجود دارد. درنهايت، با مقايسة شهرهاي ساحلي و غيرساحلي به لحاظ شاخص‌هاي مختلف مورد مطالعه براساس آزمون T-test مي‌توان گفت از آنجاكه ميانگين شهرهاي ساحلي در شاخص‌هاي اقتصادي، بهداشتي- درماني و زيربنايي و حمل‌ونقل بيشتر است، توسعة ساختار فضايي شهرهاي ساحلي بيشتر از شهرهاي غيرساحلي است.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Today, large number of world’s major cities is located in coastal environments. These towns have important positions in the economic, cultural and social functions. Coastal areas and the cities in the areas are economically very important in terms of the environment, hazards, and security. Development of the cities leads to massive investments by shareholders and stakeholders. Other non-coastal cities are also affected by this development. The participation of a wide range of stakeholders and interested investors can be improved in such cities. With this growth process, complex needs are favorable in physical, social, and economic dimensions in these cities. Today, coastal cities are considered to be as a vital source of income for the national economy. These resources are also essential to strengthen their economies of the coastal cities. The dynamics of these cities are largely determined by the axes of development and exploitation of economic activity and tourism. The purpose of this research is to explore and identify and analyze the spatial structure of the coastal and non-coastal cities in Bushehr Province.
Methodology
This is an applied research with descriptive and analytic methods. Statistical population in this research is 31 points of coastal and Non-Coastal cities in Bushehr Province in 2011. To collect information, this research used study in libraries (Documents). To analyze the data, the spatial structure of coastal and Non-Coastal cities is used in urban and regional planning models. To investigate relationship between the independent and dependent variables and inferential analysis of data, we used advanced dedicational and statistical models, the coefficient of correlation, regression; T-Test, ANOVA and multivariate analysis.
Results and Discussion
The results of the studies show that the process of urban growth in coastal cities has increased during 1986 to 2006 of about 17.3 percent. The main reason for this is an increasing number of coastal cities and the growing trend of migration to the cities of this province. Population growth in coastal cities is substantially higher than non-coastal cities. Reviews of process rate of population growth in coastal cities in 1986- 2011 indicate a sharp growth rate. However, this is also true for non-coastal cities and total population of the cities of the province.
Conclusion
Analytical findings by simultaneous multiple regression models show that coastal cities have huge oil and gas fields with a much higher level of spatial development. The standard deviation of economic function is equal to 0.814 in spatial structure of coastal cities. The results obtained by Spearman coefficient is equal to 0.865 and this value reflects the fact that there is a very strong positive correlation between the distribution of population and growth and development of economic, cultural, transportation and infrastructure functions between coastal and Non-Coastal cities in Bushehr Province. Finally, a comparison between the coastal and Non-coastal cities is carried out by T-test. Development of space structure in coastal cities is more than that of Non-Coastal cities. Accordingly, in development of the coastal cities, we should use all economic capacity. In other words, we can say that sustainable economic development of the coastal cities in Bushehr is benefitted from oil and gas resources and from the business and job service. Nevertheless, based on the research findings to develop desirable coastal and non-coastal areas, there are some suggestions: welfare infrastructure, socio-economic improvement in urban centers, promotion of health level, education in small cities, development of balance and equal access to services in major cities such as Bushehr, Borazjan, Dylam, Kangan, Ganaveh and Jam. development of tourism can be effective for the area.
