تبيين ابعاد مسؤوليت شرعي كارگزاران حكومت اسلامي

The Explanation of the Aspects of Legal Responsibilities of the Agents of the Islamic Government

اهميت رفتار سازماني كارگزاران حكومت اسلامي در اين است كه اداره امور جامعه اسلامي توسط اين نوع رفتارها انجام مي گيرد و صلاح و رشد يا سقوط و عقب ماندگي جامعه اسلامي منوط به اين نوع رفتارها است. بديهي است كه كارگزار حكومتي در هر كشوري بر اساس قوانين و مقررات آن كشور در برابر افعال و رفتارهاي سازماني خود مسؤوليت حقوقي دارد. حال اين پرسش مطرح مي شود كه آيا كارگزاران در قبال رفتارهاي سازماني مسؤوليت شرعي داشته و مورد بازخواست قرار مي گيرند؟ ابعاد اين مسؤوليت شرعي كدمند؟ مقاله حاضر به منظور شناسايي و تبيين ابعاد مسؤوليت شرعي رفتار سازماني كارگزاران، با مطالعه نظريات فقهي و مباني آنها و با روش تحليلي توصيفي به پاسخ اي ن دو پرسش پرداخته و مسؤوليت شرعي كارگزاران را از زواياي مختلفي همچون حفظ امانت الهي، صلاحيت تصدي مناصب، تأمين اهداف و مصالح حكومتي، مسؤوليت پيامد رفتار، مسؤوليت جمعي، اطاعت از حاكم اسلامي و حفاظت از بيت المال بررسي و آن را تبيين نموده است. اين ابعاد به عنوان قواعد كلان و چارچوب حاكم بر رفتار سازماني كارگزاران محسوب مي شوند.

The significance of the organizational behavior(s) of the agents of the Islamic government lies in the fact that the affairs of the Islamic society are affected by these behaviors, and the growth, development, decline and retardation of the Islamic society is based on these behaviors. It is clear that governmental agents in every country, according to the laws and regulations, assume legal responsibility towards his own organizational activities and behaviors. Now this question arises as to whether or not any agent has legal responsibility towards the organizational behavior and is called to account for it. What are the aspects of this legal responsibility? In order to identify and explain all possible aspects of legal responsibilities towards the organizational behaviors of the agents, the present article studies the jurisprudential theories and their underlying principles drawing upon analytical-descriptive method. The article seeks to provide an answer to these two questions and explain the legal responsibilities of agents from various angles such as preserving the divine trust, qualification for taking charge of positions, meeting governmental purposes and serving the interests of the government, claiming responsibility for the consequences of behaviors, collective responsibility, obedience to the Islamic ruler, and preserving public treasury. These aspects are regarded as the fundamental rules and regulations and frameworks governing the organizational behaviors of the agents.