كاني شناسي(جواهرشناسي) در ديوان انوري

The knowledge of Mineral in Anvari's Divan

ديوان اشعار انوري، از سخنوران و دانشمندان نامدار سدة ششم، حاوي دانش‌هاي زمانة اوست. سخن‌سراي ابيورد، براي عرضة تصاوير تازة خود، به علوم رايج زمانه‌اش از جمله «كاني شناسي »، توجّه ويژه‌اي داشته و به نكات بسياري از اين دانش اشاره كرده است، تنها خاقاني را مي‌توان از شاعران بزرگي دانست كه در اين زمينه با او برابري مي‌كند. در اين نوشتار، مقصود، كاني‌شناسي از نظر قدماست كه شامل كاني‌ها، فلزها ، شبه فلزات و ئيدروكربورها مي‌شده است. ابتدا سخن انوري دربارة هر گوهرِ كاني، از صفات و خواص و ... مطرح شده و سپس پنداشت‌هاي دانشمندان و كاني‌شناسان گذشته مطرح گرديده است؛ همچنين سعي شده با بهره‌گيري از قديمي‌ترين و معتبرترين كتب در دسترس، ثابت گردد كه آنچه انوري دربارة كاني­ها گفته، صرفاً به قصد بلاغت نبوده، و دانش جواهرشناسي آن روزگار هم سخنان انوري را تأييد مي‌كند؛ البتّه اندكي از باورداشت‌هاي قدما، از ديد امروزي­ ها اشتباه و غيرقابل‌قبول است

Anvari was a famous poet and scholar of the sixth century whose Divan contains the knowledge of his time. He as the great poet of Abivard had a high level of knowledge in a number of areas including traditional and intellectual sciences and has repeatedly mentioned his own knowledge of the time. He has paid special attention to his knowledge of mineralogy to present his new images of this area in his Divan. Khaghani as another great poet can be considered with the same amount of knowledge. Considering the knowledge of Anvari about jewels and mineral, we mainly refer to these issues in Anvar's Divan in terms of traditional knowledge about minerals, metals, pseudo-metals and hydrocarbons. At first, Anvari's ideas about each mineral and the language he has used to describe them have been explained, and then the beliefs of old masters of that time have been reviewed. The main aim has been to compare his views with the oldest and most authoritative books available from that era to prove what Anvari has speculated and declared about mineral is not just for the matter of rhetoric. Rather it shows his knowledge of the mineralogy of the time which has been reflected in his poetic language. It goes without saying that modern view of the mineralogy partially contradicts the traditional understanding of Anvari's knowledge of the issue. Around forty cases of his numerations about minerals have been extracted which have been explained based on the modern mineralogy sources available to the authors.