بررسي تأثير جهت خطوط كشت، كود زيستي نيتروكسين و مواد سوپرجاذب بر عملكرد و اجزاي عملكرد ماشك برگ پهن

Investigating the Effect of Cultivate Lines Direction, Bio-Fertilizer Nitroxin and Superabsorbent Materials on Yield and Yield Components of Broad Leaf Vetch (Vicia narbonensis)

كاربرد كودهای بیولوژیك به‌ویژه باكتری‌های محرك رشد، مهم‌ترین راهبرد تغذیه گیاه برای مدیریت پایدار بوم‌نظام‌های كشاورزی و افزایش تولید آن‌ها در سیستم كشاورزی پایدار می‌باشد. با توجه به اینكه ایران كشوری كم آب و خشك است، كاربرد سوپر جاذب از راهكارهایی جهت كاهش مصرف آب می‌باشد. در این راستا به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر جهت خطوط كشت، كود زیستی نیتروكسین و مواد سوپرجاذب بر عملكرد و اجزای عملكرد ماشك برگ پهن آزمایشی در سال زراعی 94-1393 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشكده كشاورزی- دانشگاه لرستان به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات فاكتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوك‌‌های كامل تصادفی در سه تكرار اجرا شد. در این تحقیق جهت خطوط كاشت به‌عنوان فاكتور اصلی به دو صورت شمالی- جنوبی و شرقی- غربی در كرت‌های اصلی در نظر گرفته شد. عامل‌های فرعی در این آزمایش كود زیستی نیتروكسین و مواد سوپر جاذب هر یك در دو سطح مصرف و عدم مصرف در كرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد كه استفاده از كود زیستی نیتروكسین بر صفات قطر ساقه، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن هزار دانه، عملكرد دانه، عملكرد بیولوژیك و شاخص برداشت تأثیر معنی‌دار (P≤0.01) بر جای گذاشت. همچنین ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، عملكرد دانه، عملكرد بیولوژیك و شاخص برداشت در تیمارهای كاربرد سوپر جاذب، نسبت به شاهد افزایش داشت. جهت كشت شمالی- جنوبی اثر مثبتی بر بسیاری از صفات داشت. كمترین وزن هزار دانه 91/00 گرم در تیمار كشت شده بر روی خطوط شرقی- غربی و بیشترین وزن هزار دانه 132/7 گرم در تیمار كشت شده بر روی خطوط شمالی- جنوبی به‌دست آمد. به‌طور كلی مصرف كود زیستی نیتروكسین و مواد سوپر جاذب برای گیاهان كاشته شده بر روی ردیف‌های شمالی- جنوبی، سبب افزایش عملكرد و اجزای عملكرد دانه گیاه ماشك شد.

<strong >Introduction </strong > The excessive use of fertilizers has caused severe damages to the bio-cycle in the fields and has destroyed the sustainable agricultural machinery. These destructive effects have led to the recommended use of bio-fertilizers. Biodiversity is one of the key sources of supplying nutrients in sustainable agriculture. The use of biological fertilizers in a sustainable agricultural system leads to sustained yield in plant production. Biological fertilizer of nitroxin has increased biological yield and grain yield in fodder corn. Water shortage as a limiting factor has limited vegetation growth and development in these areas. Considering that Iran is a dry country, the use of super adsorbent is one of the ways to reduce water consumption. Investigators in the study of superabsorbent showed that superabsorbent had a significant and positive effect on the yield of forage plants. Crop directions can affect the amount of the product by increasing the leaf area and absorbing light. Proper orientation of crop lines increases the photosynthetic efficiency and increases the yield and yield components of the plant. Research has shown that yields are much higher in plants planted on the north-south lines compared with plants planted on east-west lines. <strong >Materials and Methods </strong > In order to investigate the effect of nitroxin and superabsorbent fertilizer on yield and yield components of broad leaf vetch in a research field of agricultural faculty, Lorestan University, as a split plot factorial based on a complete block design randomization was performed in three replicates. In this research, for main lines, the main factors were considered in the North-South and East-West directions in the main plots. Sub-factors In this experiment, nitroxin biosynthesis and superabsorbent materials were applied at two levels of consumption and non-consumption in sub plots. Nitroxin fertilizer was used as a seed lot at a rate of 1 liter per hectare and the stockosorb polymer was 100 kg/ha at planting time under cultivating lines under the seed at a distance of 2 cm. In this experiment, the pesticide leaf was grown with 97% volatility and 1000-weight weight of 109.56 grams with plant density of 200 plants per square meter. The raw data obtained from the measurement of each of the traits tested after the normal distribution was analyzed using MSTAT-C software. Comparisons of the meanings were compared using Duncan 's multiple range tests at probability levels (1 and 5%). <strong >Results and Discussion </strong > The results showed that using nitroxin fertilizer on stem diameter, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index had significant effect. Probably the secretion of plant growth hormones due to the presence of stabilizing bacteria in nitroxin and the gradual release of substances has been shown to stimulate growth and increase yield. Studies have shown that the use of nitroxin biological fertilizer has increased biological yield and seed yield in rapeseed plants due to the availability of food in the critical stages of plant growth. Therefore, increasing the amount of nutrients available to the plant, especially nitrogen, stimulates plant growth and increases dramatically and increases yield. Also, plant height, stem diameter, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index increased in superabsorbent application than control. Super absorbent polymer has reduced the negative effects of drought stress and increased yield. Under stress conditions, the plant faces a severe decrease in cellular inflammation, cell growth and division, which leads to a decrease in vegetative growth while the use of superabsorbent prevents stress and increases vegetative growth. The results of reaserch on corn showed that the use of superabsorbent increased plant yield, which was consistent with the results of this study (Yousefifard et al., 2011). North-South cultivation direction had a positive effect on many traits. Performance in different directions of planting is affected by the efficiency of light consumption and photosynthesis activity. The results of this study indicate that the plants cultivated on the north-south lines have been more favorable in terms of plant height. Research showed that the yield of barley, corn, wheat and pearl millet in different directions was different, and cultivated plants in the north-south direction had a higher yield. Differences in plant height in different planting orientations can result from better water productivity or more sunlight. <strong >Conclusions </strong > The results show that the North-South crop line has better results than the East-West lines. The remarkable point in this study was that the combined application of superabsorbent and bio-fertilizer nitroxin in all treatments affected all studied traits and significantly increased their amounts. The use of nitroxin and superabsorbent fertilizers for plants planted on the northern-southern rows increases the yield and yield components of the pesticide plant.