آگاهي و تجربه: بحثي در نسبت تجربه اخلاقي و تجربه ديني

Awareness and Experience; an Inquiry into Moral Experience and Religious Experience

بحث از نسبت ميان تجربه اخلاقي و تجربه ديني كه با مبحث رابطه دين و اخلاق نيز مرتبط، ليكن بحثي مستقل از آن است، در تصوير ميزان قرب اخلاق‌مداري و دين‌مداري اثرگذار است. در مقاله حاضر، براي تعيين اينكه چه نسبتي ميان اين دو تجربه برقرار است، پس از بيان ويژگي‌هاي مشترك تجربه اخلاقي و تجربه ديني، تلاش مي‌شود تا مقصود از تجربه اخلاقي و تجربه ديني بيان شود و آنگاه با استفاده از تقسيم شش‌گانه ديويس درباره انواع تجربه‌هاي ديني، و سنجيدن نسبت هر يك از آن اقسام با تجربه اخلاقي، نسبت تجربه اخلاقي با تجربه ديني شناسايي گردد. در اين راستا، ديدگاه تباين تجربه اخلاقي و تجربه ديني و ديدگاه اتحاد آن دو نيز مورد بررسي قرار مي‌گيرد. حاصل آنكه نمي‌توان هر تجربه اخلاقي‌اي را تجربه ديني شمرد. همه مصاديق اين دو نيز يكسره از يكديگر جدا نيستند، بلكه نسبت ميان تجربه اخلاقي و تجربه ديني عموم و خصوص من وجه است.

Discussing about the relationship between moral experience and religious experience is relevant to the relationship between religion and morality, but is independent from that topic and is efficient in showing the nearness of morality and religiosity. In the present paper in order to realize the kind of relativity between these two experiences, after expressing the similarities of moral experience and religious experience, the author tries to express his intention of moral experience and religious experience. Using Davis`s six-part categorization about the kinds of religious experiences and measuring the relation of each one of them with moral experience, the author identifies the relationship between moral experience and religious experience. In this regard, moral experience and religious experience view on diversity and unification will be analyzed. Consequently we cannot consider every moral experience as a religious one. Also all the instances of these two experiences are not entirely different, however the relationship between moral experience and religious experience is partial inclusion.