وزيران امور خارجه در دوره ناصرالدين شاه

Foreign Ministers in Naser al-Din Shah's Administration

در دوره ناصرالدين شاه مناسبات خارجي ايران به صورت چشمگيري توسعه يافت و متناسب با آن، امور خارجي از حيطه وظايف دربار و شخص صدراعظم، به وزارت امور خارجه منتقل شد،كه 28 سال از تاسيس آن مي گذشت. اين تحول، با آغاز حكومت ناصرالدين شاه و صدارت اميركبير مصادف بود؛ صدراعظم مقتدري كه خود، سابقه سال ها حضور موفق در هيات هاي سياسي اعزامي به ديگر ممالك را در كارنامه داشت و به اهميت تشكيلات امور خارجي كاملاً واقف بود. اگرچه عمر كوتاه صدارت، فرصتي براي تحقق افكار بلند آن بزرگ مرد باقي نگذاشت، اما تربيت يافتگان و نهادي كه او بنيان نهاد، ميراث گرانقدري براي عرصه تشكيلات خارجي ايران بود. در مقاله حاضر بر پايه روش توصيفي ـ تحليلي، ضمن معرفي وزراي امور خارجه در دوران سلطنت ناصرالدين شاه قاجار، به بررسي شرايط و عملكرد دوران وزارت هريك از آنها مي پردازيم. بر اساس نتايج تحقيق روشن شد كه وزارت امور خارجه نيز مانند ساير اركان ديواني عصر قاجار، در ميدان دو قطبي روس ـ انگليس گرفتار بود و جدال سخت ميرزا سعيد خان و ميرزا حسين خان بر سر منصب اين وزارت، جز تباهي و ناكارآمدي سياست خارجي ايران حاصلي در پي نداشت.

During the reign of Naser al-Din Shah, foreign relations of Iran were remarkably developed and as a result the issues of foreign affairs were no longer within the jurisdiction of the court and the Chancellor and were assigned to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs which had been established for 28 years. Such development coincided with the beginning of Naser al-Din Shah's reign and Chancellorship of Amir Kabir, an authoritative chancellor who had not only been tasked with foreign affairs but also had years of remarkable experience in diplomatic missions to other countries and was wellinformed about the importance of foreign affairs structures. Although his short term of chancellorship did not allow him to realize his lofty ideas and aspirations, he left a valuable legacy for the foreign affairs of Iran through laying the foundation and training professionals. Using a descriptive-analytical method, the present article, while introducing foreign ministers in Naser al-din Shan's administration, gives accounts on performance and circumstances of their tenns of office. The study found out that the then Ministry of Foreign Affairs, similar to other Qajar's administrati vc structures, was stuck in Russia-Britain bipolarity and the fierce conrroversy between Mirza Saeed khan and Mir.r.a Hossein Khan over the position of minister led to no result hut decay and inefficiency of Iran's foreign policy.