ارزيابي و سنجش عوامل موثر بر ايجاد حس مكان در مراكز محله هاي شهري (مطالعه موردي: مراكز محله هاي شيخداد و شهرك دانشگاه در شهر يزد)

محله هاي شهري در گذشته بستر شكل گيري مراكزي در دل خود به عنوان مكان هايي واجد هويت و معنا بوده كه از توانايي بالايي براي برقراري تعامل بين انسان با محيط و انسان با انسان برخوردار بودند. حال آن كه امروزه به تبعيت از الگوي شهرسازي غربي و نيز به كارگيري گونه هاي فاقد معنا در ايجاد محله ها منجر به ناديده گيري هويت و هم چنين كنار گذاشتن اصول مكان سازي شده است. حس مكان به عنوان يكي از مهم ترين متغيرهاي كيفي محيط ها و محله هاي شهري، ارتباطي بين انسان و مكان است و باعث دادن شخصيت و هويت به مكان مي شود، توجه به اين مفهوم در محلات مسكوني جديد بدون سابقه تاريخيِ معطوف به فراهم آوردن كيفيات متعددي هم چون هويت، سرزندگي، خاطره انگيزي، ايجاد حس تعلق، دل بستگي مكاني و غيره است. امروزه توجه نكردن به ايجاد فضاهايي براي مردم در عرصه هاي عمومي محله هاي جديد كه واجد حس مكان و پيوند با گذشته باشد، موجب بي هويتي، كاهش حس تعلق ساكنان به محل سكونت و پايين بودن ميزان تعاملات اجتماعي و به دنبال آن انواع آسيب هاي اجتماعي گرديده است. هدف اين پژوهش بررسي مفهوم حس مكان در مراكز محله هاي تاريخي و معاصر و شناسايي عوامل موثر بر ايجاد و ارتقاي آن در اين محيط ها است. براي اين منظور، دو نمونه از مركز محله هاي شهر يزد، يكي در بافت تاريخي و ديگري در بافت جديد شهر انتخاب و موردمطالعه قرار گرفتند. روش پژوهش همبستگي و از آزمون هاي آماري كولموگراف اسميرنف، رگرسيون چندگانه و آزمون همبستگي پيرسون براي تعيين رابطه و شدت و جهت رابطه بين متغيرهاي مستقل و وابسته استفاده شده است. بر اين اساس ده فرضيه تدوين و در نمونه هاي مطالعاتي مورد آزمون قرار گرفته اند. مطابق با نتايج به دست آمده متغيرهاي هويت در محله تاريخي و كيفيت هاي فضايي در محله جديد بالاترين ميزان همبستگي را با ميزان حس مكان در مراكز محله ها دارند.

“Place” is defined in urban research as “any space which people have made it aningful”. There are different ways in which citizens ‘make places’, for example, by naming them, or modifying some elements in the urban environment to supply their needs. Sense of place, is a distinctive collection of urban qualities and characteristics – mental, visual, cultural, social, and environmental – that provide meaning to a location. Sense of place is what makes one place different from another, but sense of place is also something makes our physical surroundings worth caring about. Sense of Place has been known as an important variable in creating and developing urban public spaces. It is a phrase used to describe a building or space of special significance or meaning. It is obvious that as a quality, sense of place contains various aspects of interaction between human and place and the impact that urban spaces have on citizens. In Urban areas, sense of place is an important aspect of public life. Having a sense of place improves participation and encourages involvement within the community and helps citizens create better cities. In fact, it persuades them to be involved, to enjoy, and interact more with their surroundings. Some urban spaces, however, have been given stronger meanings, names or definitions by society than others. Places said to have a strong “sense of place” ,have a known identity and character that is deeply felt by local citizens. Nowadays, lack of attention to sense of place in the new development of cities, has led to reducing the various urban qual- ities such as identity, vitality and sense of belonging. As our cities and their communities grow, the less and less social interaction and social capital we may actually have. For many people, the feeling of belong to a society, is becoming a thing of the past. Places that lack a sense of place are sometimes referred to as place-less or inauthentic. Some of today’s most emergent environmental problems, such as low social interaction, the lack of a sense of belonging, pub-lic spaces destruction and social problems are rooted in ignoring sense of places. The need to resolve these problems has led to new approaches that consider the sense of place. This paper defines the concepts of sense of place and describes the factors that affect it in urban residential districts in both historical and new districts of city of Yazd. The research method here, was survey type and it is a kind of applied study in which techniques such as, library doc-uments and references as well as Kolmogorov-Smirnov test , multiple regression and Pearson’s Correlation Test, were used. Findings of the research indicate that components such as the identity in historical districts and spatial qualities in new districts, directly increase the sense of place in neighborhood centers.