روايت معماري در بيان عكاسي؛ مراتب معنا در عكس معماري

Architectural Narrative and Photographic Expression The Meaning Dignities in Architectural Photo

مقاله حاضر در رويكردي ميان‌رشته‌اي، به مناسبات بين هنر عكاسي و هنر معماري پرداخته و طي بحثي مستدل، نقش عكاسي معماري به عنوان ابزاري در تهيه و تدوين اطّلاعات بصري از محيط‌هاي معماري را تحليل و تبيين نموده است. عكاسي معماري در واقع نوعي روايت معماري بر پاية تصوير مي‌باشد كه تاكنون منشأ خدمات بي‌بديلي براي هنر معماري بوده است. اعكس‌هاي معماري كه محصول فرآيندهاي عكاسي معمارانه هستند، آثاري برآمده از ارادة عكاس در مواجهه با معماري مي‌باشند؛ يعني امري كه ريشه در سرشت عكاسي معماري دارد و در آن، موجوديت عكس، تابع رابطة بين دو ساختار هنري منفكّ، يعني «ساختار معماري» و «ساختار تصوير» است. لذا ادراك هنرمند عكاس از رابطة بين «نظام معماري» و «نظام عكاسي» و نيز نحوة ايجاد اين رابطه، از معيارهاي موفقيت يك عكس معماري محسوب مي‌شود. از ديگر موضوعات مورد بحث در اين مقاله، بحث دربارة گونه‌بندي محتوائي عكس‌هاي معماري در دو گونة «عكس معماري مستند» و «عكس معماري هنري» و تحليل جايگاه هر يك از آنها در تشكيل روايت-هاي معماري مي‌باشد. پژوهش، به روش توصيفي ـ تحليلي به انجام رسيده است و مسألة اصلي آن، تبيين چيستي و چگونگي ترابُط «قالب و محتواي عكاسانه» با «قالب و محتواي معمارانه» در عكس‌هاي معماري مي‌باشد.

The present paper has investigated the relationship between the art of photography and architecture with an interdisciplinary approach, and has explained the role of architectural photography as an efficient tool in providing visual information from architectural environments. Architectural photography that is a kind of image-based architectural narrative has been the source of unique services for the art of architecture so far. On the other hand, the architectural photos that are the result of architectural photography procedures are the artworks that are the outcome of artist photographers' wills faced with the architectural artifacts. Architectural photography that is a kind of image-based architectural narrative has been the source of unique services for the art of architecture so far.the architectural photos that are the result of architectural photography procedures are the artworks that are the outcome of artist photographers' wills faced with the architectural artifacts. This issue is rooted in the nature of architectural photography in which the existence of the photo depends on the relationship between two separate artistic structures namely "Architectural Structure" and "Image Structure". So, the perception of the artist photographer from the relationship between "Photography System" and "Architecture System" and also the method of creating this relationship, is considered as one of the criteria for the success of an architectural photo. Another subject being discussed in this paper is the discussion about content classification of architectural photos in two types including "Documentary Architectural Photo" and "Artistic Architectural Photo", and analyzing the role of each in formation of architectural narratives. Documentary Architectural Photo is prepared to display the reality of architectural work and without any intention in the image message, while, artistic architectural photo is a combination of the reality of architectural work with moods, spirits, and talents of the artist photographer. The necessity of doing the research arises from the general scientific vacuum existing in understanding the meaning nature in architectural photography. Basically, proposing any interdisciplinary discourse between "Photography" and "Architecture" will be considered as opening a new way for better understanding the essence of architectural photography. However, since the invention of photography to the present, the architectural environments have always been appealing subjects for photographers, and photography also has been the indicator and presenter of material and semantic existence of architecture. Therefore, reflecting on the architectural photos of any period can be beneficial in clarification and explanation of the evolving nature of architecture during that period. Based on the abovementioned cases, the research issue is to investigate the relationship between "Architectural Form and Content" and "Photographic Form and Content" in "Architectural Photo", and the research questions are: A) What is the architectural photography and with what components can be distinguished from other photography majors? B) How does the interaction between "Content and Material Quality of Architectural Work" and "Content and Material Quality of Photo" occur? C) How the meaning in architectural photography is clarified, and what components determine its quality? The research method is descriptive-analytical and has been done based on logical deduction from data description and interpretation.