پديد آورندگان :
هلالات، ندا دانشگاه شهركرد - گروه گياه پزشكي , نصراصفهاني، مهدي سازمان تحقيقات، آموزش و ترويج كشاورزي اصفهان - مركز تحقيقات و آموزش كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي استان اصفهان , اوليا، مجيد دانشگاه شهركرد - گروه گياه پزشكي
كليدواژه :
برگ كلم , كمپوست , كود دامي , كود سبز , كود مرغي , ورمي كمپوست
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction: Sugar beet cyst nematode (SBCN), Hederodera schachtii Schmidt. 1871, marked as one of the
most damaging disease of sugar beet worldwide. This is also an important disease of sugar beet in Isfahan
Province with a plenty of irreversible damages to the value of this product. Thus, the nematode infested fields for
cultivation in the province and the country are threatened. This nematode has a wide host range, over 218 plant
species from 95 genera, belonging to 23 families including field crops, ornamentals and weeds. The SBCN
management strategies are a long-term crop rotation considering use of catch crops, early planting and using
nematicides. In general, the best method reported to control SBCN is a 3 to 7-year rotation with non-host plants.
In addition, farm manuring had a positive effect on controlling potato golden cyst nematode. Assessing the
effects of vermicomposting and non-organic fertilizers revealed that free-living nematodes in the population
index were highest in the vermicompost treatments.
Materials and Methods: Firstly, the initial population of SBCN in the infested soil was determined. Then,
200 g of soil taken from several samples collected from every plots, which was air dried and the cysts were
extracted The employed organic matters were poultry manure at 10, 20 and 40 Vha compost fertilizer by
municipality of Isfahan wastes, vermicompost, waste cabbage leaves and farm manure (cow manure).
Reproductive factors and the percent of decrease or increase in SBCN populations in each treatment were
calculated relative to the initial population of the same treatment. The comparison of means was done by Duncan
tests. For the Greenhouse experiments, the same treated soils for the field experiments were poured into the clay
pots with a capacity of 5 kg of soil. At harvesting time, the produced beets in the plots were weighted, and the
beet samples for determining of sugar percentage and the important elements were sent to sugar factory for
further analyses. The analysis of variance was performed using SAS software and comparison method.
Results and Discussions: The initial population of SBCN was 4.85 eggs and larvae per gram of soil, before
the implication of the field treatments. There were 92.40 and 88.44% reductions in SBCN final population for
the poultry manure at the rate of 40 and 20 tons per hectare, respectively. Variance analysis of reproduction
factor showed that there was a significant difference between the treatments. Poultry manure 40 t/h with 0.14
eggs and larvae per gram of soil was the lowest one in-reproduction factor, with a high significant effect in other
treatments and control groups. Followed by poultry manure 20 t/h, compost 015, 60 ha, poultry manure 10 t/h
and compost 08, 60 t/h, were in the next category with a significant effect. The results indicated that sugar
content and other indices showed significant differences between the various treatments. Poultry manure 20 and
40 t/h, with the yield of27.55 and 26.93 t/h, in a statistical group had the maximum production amount and were
the most effective treatments for the assessed factors including final population, reproduction, multiplication rat
and reduction percentage in SBCN, H. schachtii compared to other treatments and the checks. It can be
concluded that chicken manure reduced the population of M. incognita, Hop/olaimus columbus and Pratylenchus
penelrans in brinjal. Application of chicken manure was also very effective to control the root-knot nematodes
and even caused IGR in tomato production.
Conclusion: It was found that the use of organic matters, chicken manure, municipal compost, vermicompost,
waste cabbage leaves and farm manure in different amounts can control the SBCN population. Application of
chicken manure at 20t/ha seems to be an optimal amount to economically control SBCN. Furthermore, composts
015 and 08, vermicompost, !arm manure and waste cabbage leaf at 40 to 60t/h, appears to be economically
applicable. All suggested materials can be used in intervals for SBCN control and or in integration with other
methods such as crop rotation, disease scape, resistant and or tolerant sources and etc.
