گستره عصمت از منظر علامه طباطبايي(ره)

The Range of Infallibility from the Perspective of Allameh Tabataba'i

يكي از دقيق ترين ابعاد عصمت پيامبران با مسئله عصمت از سهو خطاست. هرچند قسم خاصي از سهو، بازتاب گسترده اي ميان فقها و متكلمان دارد، درباره ابعاد ديگر اين مسئله، مانند عصمت پيامبران علت در امور عادي، اجتماعي و حكومتي به ارائه نظريات كلي بسنده شده است. مقاله حاضر مي كوشد با روش توصيفي ۔ تحليلي و به شيوه مطالعه كتابخانه اي و ميداني، ديدگاه علامه طباطبايي را در اين زمينه گزارش و بررسي كند. پژوهش حاضر نشان خواهد داد نظر علامه طباطبايي له در رابطه با عصمت پيامبران از خطا و نسيان در امور خارج از شريعت، با نظر مشهور متكلمان شيعي همخواني ندارد. ايشان عصمت از خطا و نسيان را امري خارج از ادله عصمت مي شمارد و معتقد است ادله عصمت اين امور را اثبات نمي كند؛ بنابراين برهاني نيز بر آن اقامه نكرده است. ايشان در موارد گوناگون نه تنها از امكان خطا بلكه وقوع آن در غير پيامبر اكرم (ص) خبر داده است. ادله عقلي و نقلي و شواهد تاريخي، ناتمام بودن نظر علامه را آشكار مي كند.

One of the most precise aspects of the infallibility of the Prophets is being infallible of any mistake and fault. Although a special kind of mistake has been much discussed among Faqihs (jurisprudents) and theologians, but some other aspects such as the infallibility of the prophets in their customary, social and governmental issues are less noticed and only some general views are presented on this topic. This article will try to report and analyze Allamah Tabataba'i's view in this regard using a descriptive-analytic method and library and field research. This article will show that Allameh Tabataba'i's view regarding the infallibility of prophets from any mistake in the issues which are not included in the religious law is different from the generally accepted view among Shi'ite theologians. He believes the reasons which prove the infallibility of the prophets do not prove their infallibility from any kind of mistake and forgetfullness and claims: the reason which proves the infallibility of prophets does not prove it to this extent and thus has not presented any proof for it as well. He says not only it is {rationally} possible for prophets – except the prophet of Islam - to have some mistakes but have actually had some mistakes. Rational reasons, traditional texts, and historical evidences show the incorrectness of Allameh's view.