تحليل و بررسي روايات تفسيري درباره عبدالله بن سلام

The Analysis and Examination of the Exegetic Hadiths about Abdullah Ibn Salam

بر پايه روايات صحابه و تابعان و آراي مفسران، ابن سلام از احبار يهود كه اوايل هجرت مسلمان شد، در 17 فقره از آيات، مورد تجليل واقع شده كه در برخي شان نزول و در برخي مصداق آن پنداشته شده است. ليكن اين اقوال از جهات گوناگون همچون تعدّد آيات شان نزول براي يك واقعه، مكي بودن بسياري از آيات تجليل و مدني بودن ايمان ابن سلام با عنايت به مردود بودن اين قسم از آيات مستثنا، نقل برخي روايات از سوي خود ابن سلام و تجليل از او در كنار كعب‌الاحبار، محدود بودن روايات تفسيري اصحاب و فقدان روايات تجليل از ابن سلام به نقل از معصومان، موجب سست شدن اين اقوال گرديده است. از ديگرسو با استناد به گزارش‌هاي تاريخي كه از تلاش حاكميت براي فضيلت‌تراشي براي برخي عناصر همگام با خلفا همچون ابن سلام به منظور كاهش مقبوليت حضرت علي خبر مي‌دهد، وضع اين روايات پس از دوران پيامبر آشكار مي‌گردد.

According to the hadiths of ?a??bah or the companions of the prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h.) and of the Tabi’un (Arabic: التابعون “followers”) or the generation of Muslims and the opinion of the Quran exegetists, Ibn Salam who was the Jewish scholars and converted to Islam at the early of hijrah (migration) has been respected in 17 cases of the divine revelation of the holy Quran which they have been thought Shan-e-Nuzool (meaning occasions or circumstances of the revelation)in some cases and instances in some other cases. But these sayings from the different aspects such as the multiplicity of the verses of Shan-e-Nuzool for a situation, being Makki most of these revering verses and being Madani the faith of Ibn Salam with regarding the rejection of the exceptional verses, being stated some Islamic traditions by Ibn Salam himself and glorifying him beside Ka’ab al-A?b?r, the limits of the exegetic hadiths of the companions and lack of the revering traditions for Ibn Salam by Infallibles’ (Ma‘s?m?n) cause to undermine these sayings. From the other side, the historical reports being adduced which denote the sovereignty attempts for establishing virtues for some persons who concurred with al-Khulaf?? such as Ibn Salam for reducing the popularity (acceptability) of Imam Ali (p.b.u.h.), the circumstance of these traditions were revealed after the holy prophet. Keywords: Ibn Salam, The exegetic hadiths, Shan-e-Nuzool (meaning occasions or circumstances of the revelation), The Quran exegetists.