نسخه الحشايش كاخ گلستان (منوچهرخان)، اوج تصويرسازي علمي در تمدن اسلامي

Alhshaysh version Golestan Palace (Manuchehrkhan) excelled scientific illustration in Islamic civilization

نقش موثر ديوسكوريدس (حكيم يوناني)، مؤّلف كتاب الحشايش در تاريخ علم گيا ه شناسي و جانورشناسي، زمينه ساز ترجمه هاي متعدّد از كتاب او در جهان اسلام شده است. در بيشتر اين نسخه ها، نگاره هايي مرتبط متن علمي را همراهي مي كنند. هنرمندان تصويرساز در اعصار مختلف، ضمن تعهّد به متن و نگار ه هاي پيش از خود تا حدودي سليقۀ زيبايي شناسي دورۀ خود را نمايندگي كرد ه اند. اهتمام حا كمان عهد صفوي به كتاب آرايي و تصويرسازي موجب خلق يكي از نفيس ترين نسخه هاي الحشايش در جهان اسلام شده كه با كيفيتي مناسب همچنان حفظ گرديده است. معرفي هرچه بهتر اين نسخه براي هنرمندان تصويرساز علمي، از اهداف اين مقاله است. نسخۀ كاخ گلستان به عنوان نفيس ترين و آخرين نسخه از ترجمۀ عربي الحشايش، جايگاه منحصربه فردي در تاريخ تصويرسازي علمي جهان اسلام دارد. اين نسخه توسط محمّدباقر حافظ و به دستور منوچهرخان بيگلربيگي (والي مشهد)، طيّ شش ماه از روي يك نسخۀ قديمي بازنويسي و تصاوير آن به وسيله ملك حسين اصفهاني بازنگاري گرديده و سرانجام در عصر روز جمعه سوم ماه مبارك رمضان سال 1038 به پايان رسيده است. نگارندگان از طريق مطالعه تطبيقي نسخه ها در كنار توصيف و تحليل تاريخي تصاوير به نتايج تحقيق دست يافته است.

Safavid is considered one of the most important historical periods in Iran. In this era, extensive developments were made due to civilization knowledge maturity. With the arrival of Shah Abbas, Safavid experienced the peak of its power. The art were supported and strengthen due to the persistence of cultural and religious aspects and longlife of Safavid and the wonderfull support of artists by the court. During the reign of Qarchoghaykhan and his descendants (in Shah Abbas era), Mashhad witnessed remarkable advances in the fields of politics, culture and arts. Manuchehrkhan and his son, Qarchoghaykhan II, were prominent supporters of the written arts in Mashhad in the eleventh century AH. Effective role Pedanius Dioscorides (Greek philosopher), author of Alhshaysh in the history of botany and zoology numerous translations of his books in the Islamic world and Islamic grounds followed by multiple copies of this book at the time. In most works, the images relevant scientific text accompanying them. Artists of different ages imaging in addition to text and images before his commitment period represent their aesthetic tastes had somewhat. Materia medical attention Safavid old man and advances in the field of imaging to provide a copy of the court Alhshaysh = Manuchehrkhan's Golestan Palace. Manuchehrkhan's Alhashayesh edition with 833 colorful papers is one of irreplaceable and priceless scientific illustration books in the Safavid era. It was completed on the evening of the third Friday of Ramadan in 1038 AH with request and support of Manuchehrkhan, the governor of Mashhad. Now it is kept in Golestan Palace Museum. Copying the book was done by Mohammad Al-Hafiz, an accomplished calligrapher of the time. None of the images in this edition has no a signature except for one, Soorat Alkasfarah (page195 of the book), which is signed by: "Malek Hussein Isfahani." Furthermore the history of medicine in Iran and the Islamic World and then in Safavid era, and the influential role of the book Alhashayesh and its author, Dioscorides, on plant science and zoology of Islam is described. Alhshaysh artist in the image of some plants rely on their subjective perceptions and the reality of the world is avoided. Illustration edition of Golestan Palace, even those who are unaware of the text of the book or are not able to read them, the book is absorbed. Those interested can with a little, Safavid art in scientific images version of Alhshaysh through the Golestan Palace, in clear view. This version also allows collocation of Safavid art schools as well as the past. The author selects some examples of the Golestan Palace Alhshaysh edition and examines the relationship of images with the scientific edition and similar samples in other editions of Alhashayesh. The use of comparative and historical review as well as scientific and technicall analysis of some images is a feature of this research. Finally, the author concludes that the Astan Quds Alhshaysh edition is the copying source for all editions of the Safavid Alhashayesh including the Golestan Palace Alhshaysh edition .