بررسي ارتباط تاريخي صنايع دستي و طراحي صنعتي در ايران

Survey on the historical relation of handicrafts and industrial design in Iran

حدود يك قرن از عزم دولتي براي احياء و نوسازي صنايع دستي ايران و حدود نيم قرن از تشكيل رسمي رشته اي با نام طراحي صنعتي در دانشگا ههاي ايران مي گذرد و هنوز پژوهشي كه به طور مستقيم به ارتباط صوري يا ساختاري اين دو گسترۀ فرا گير بپردازد، انجام نگرفته است. در اين ميان، طراحي صنعتي در اغلب منابع معتبر پديد ۀ مدرني است كه با تفسير و تغيير در متن طراحي سنتي شكل مي گيرد و مرزهاي خود را همواره در گسست و پيوست با صنايع دستي بازتعريف مي كند. با عنايت به اين واقعيت، هدف اين پژوهش، بررسي چند و چون پيوند تاريخي طراحي صنعتي با صنايع دستي در ايران است و براي اين منظور، با تكيه بر روش توصيفي- تحليلي، در پي پاسخگويي به اين پرسش كليدي است كه آيا ظهور طراحي صنعتي در ايران، ناشي از بازخواني صنايع دستي بوده است؟ يافته هاي اين پژوهش حا كي از آن است كه در كشور نيمه صنعتي ما، به رغم قرائت هاي مختلفي دال بر تعامل، تداوم و تمايز دو حوزۀ ياد شده، مگر در فضاي دانشگاهي، ارتباط خاصي بين آنها شكل نگرفته و در اين بين طراحي صنعتي، متن گشوده و در حال تكوين و تقريري است كه هنوز رابطۀ خود را با صنايع سنتي به وضوح تعريف نكرده است.

Abstract About one and half century from the official and governmental determination for recreation and renewing of Iranian handicrafts has passed and about half century from forming an official field by the name of industrial design in Iranian universities had passed and yet no research has been done which directly has a formal or structural relation with these two important vast field of art and industry at the same time by any authorities. Among this, Forgetting and gradual weakening of each one of arts and crafts and the methods of preserving and reclamation of them should be interpreted in a bigger context such as the culture of a society. This is the reason why each artistic foundation not only reminds the sources of sociology but also reminds a conscious process not an unexpected event and it conveys the culture of that society. The present paper with assuming the absence of structural and aesthetic approaches in arts and crafts in Iran, First it goes to the huge break which happened for arts and crafts in Iran during the industrial revolution in west which causes the transitive situation in tradition and modernism. Then we go to the general effect of modern industry in arts and crafts in Iran. Among this, the industrial design in most of valid western sources is a modern phenomenon which formed with changing and interpreting in the traditional design texts and constantly connect and disconnect its boundaries with handicrafts and retells it. This outlook specially after holding the world first industrial exhibition in nineteenth century (Cristal Palace, London, 1851) which Iran with the efforts of Mirza Mohammad Taghi Khan Farahani (Amir Kabir) participated in it, became popular. The movement that had not repeated for social and political reasons and prevented Iran from accompany the other industrial countries in the world. With attention to this truth, the purpose of this primary study is surveying the historical linkage of industrial design or handicrafts in Iran and for this mean with relying on descriptive method, analytic and inductive is looking for an answer to this basic question that industrial design and handicrafts in Iran which historical point are connected to each other and emerge of industrial design in Iran, is for the cause of readout and the connection or handicrafts design? The findings of this study show that in this half industrialized country of Iran, despite of several reasons such as interaction, continuity and differentiation in this two mentioned areas, except university, it almost has not formed any connection between them and among this the industrial design is still an open book and it is being genesis and expositing and still has not defined its connection with handicrafts clearly. This abandoning of course is not only between handicraft design and the industrial design which is trendy and with more careful look, we can see the obvious presence of it among the relation with industrial designers and the industry of the country.