ﻣﺮوري ﺑﺮ آﻣﺎر ﺷﯿﻮع ﺳﺮﻃﺎن در اﯾﺮان

A Review of Cancer Prevalence in Iran

ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺧﺎرج از ﮐﻨﺘﺮل رﺷﺪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﺗﻮده اي را ﺑﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﯽ آورﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﻣﻮر ﯾﺎ ﻧﺌﻮﭘﻼﺳﯿﻢ ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺪه ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﺗﻮﻣﻮرﻫﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺧﻮش ﺧﯿﻢ ﻗﻠﻤﺪاد ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ در ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ رﺷﺪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﺑﺰرگ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺗﻮﻣﻮرﻫﺎي دﯾﮕﺮ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺪﺧﯿﻢ ﯾﺎ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺪه ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ، ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺣﻤﻠﻪ و ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل اﻃﺮاﻓﺸﺎن و اﻧﺘﺸﺎر در ﺳﺮﺗﺎﺳﺮ ﺑﺪن را دارا ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺳﺮﻃﺎن ﯾﮏ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري واﺣﺪ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ اي از ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. آﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ در ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺸﺘﺮك ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ در ژن ﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ را ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪ. ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ در روشﻫﺎي زﻧﺪﮔﯽ و ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ در ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻋﻤﺮ و اﻣﯿﺪ ﺑﻪ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ، رﺧﺪاد ﺳﺮﻃﺎن در ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎ را اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ داده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس آﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري اﭘﯿﺪﻣﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ در اﯾﺮان ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﻫﺎي ﻗﻠﺒﯽ و ﻋﺮوﻗﯽ و ﺣﻮادث، ﺳﺮﻃﺎنﻫﺎ ﺳﻮﻣﯿﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺮگ و ﻣﯿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﯽآﯾﻨﺪ. ﺳﺮﻃﺎن در ﺗﻤﺎم دﻧﯿﺎ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﮐﺸﻮر ﻣﺎ در ﺣﺎل ﺷﯿﻮع اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ دﻻﯾﻞ آن اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻦ اﺳﺖ. ﺳﻦ اﻣﯿﺪ ﺑﻪ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ اﯾﺮاﻧﯿﺎن در ﺳﺎل 1359 ﺣﺪود 56 ﺳﺎل ﺑﻮد و اﮐﻨﻮن در ﺳﺎل 1395 ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪود 74 ﺳﺎل رﺳﯿﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺷﯿﻮع ﺑﺎﻻي ﺳﺮﻃﺎن در اﯾﺮان ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﺳﺨﺖ و ﭘﺮﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﯿﻦ ﺳﺮﻃﺎنﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ از اﺻﻄﻼح «ﺳﻮﻧﺎﻣﯽ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن» ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺸﺎن دادن ﺷﺪت ﺧﺴﺎرتﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻧﯽ و ﻣﺎﻟﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري در ﮐﺸﻮر اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﺳﺮﻃﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻌﻀﻼت ﺴﺘﺜﻨﯽ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس آﺧﺮﯾﻦ آﻣﺎر ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ 18 ﺗﺎ 22 درﺻﺪ ﻣﺮدم در ﻃﻮل ﻋﻤﺮﺷﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑه ﺳﺮﻃﺎن ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس از ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ 75 ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮﻧﯽ اﯾﺮان، ﺣﺪود 15 ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮن ﺑﯿﻤﺎر ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻧﯽ ﺧﻮاﻫﯿﻢ داﺷﺖ. ﺳﺎل 2014 ﺣﺪود 14 ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮن ﻓﺮد ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن در دﻧﯿﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ آﻣﺎر در ﺳﺎل 2030 ﺑﻪ 25 ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮن ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﯿﺮﺳﺪ. در واﻗﻊ در 15 ﺳﺎل آﯾﻨﺪه 70 ﺗﺎ 80 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻓﺮاد ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن در دﻧﯿﺎ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﯿﺸﻮد.

Cells that grow out of control and create a mass called tumor or neoplasm. Some tumors which are considered benign develop and grow only where they have formed. Other tumors that are called malignant or cancerous have potential to attack and destruction of normal tissue around them and spread throughout the body. Cancer is not a single disease, but it is a collection of various diseases. What usually are common in cancer cells are changes in the genes that adjust cell division. Change in lifestyle and feeding in different societies, increase life expectancy has increased the occurrence of cancer in the population. According to the latest statistical review and epidemiological investigations, in Iran after cardiovascular disease and events, cancers are considered the third leading cause of death. Cancer is emerging in the world including our country which one of its more important reasons is increase in age. Iranian life expectancy age in 1359 was about 56 years old, and now in 1395 reached about 74 years. High incidence of cancer in Iran and reduce the risk of this serious and costly illness makes some oncologist use the term cancer tsunami To illustrate the severity of damage to life and property of this disease. Cancer as one of the problems of human society, by threatening human beings in all age groups causes a lot of financial losses to human life and property that our country is no exception. According to the latest World Health Organization statistics, 18 to 22 percent of the people in lifetime have cancer. Accordingly, from 75 million Iranians population, approximately 15 million patients have cancer. In 2014, about 14 million people has been identified in the world having cancer, which this statistics in 2030 will reach to 25 million. Actually, in the next 15 years 70 to 80 percent of people diagnosed with cancer in the world will be added.