تأملي بر پيوندهاي قبيله‌اي شاهان هخامنشي و نقش آن در تحكيم و تداوم شاهنشاهي با تكيه ‌بر دو قبيلة اوكسي و پاتيشوري

Tribal Connections of Achaemenid Kings and Consolidation of the Persian Empire: Uxians and Patischorians

معروف است كه يكي از اقدامات مثبت و عملي شاهان هخامنشي در مواجهه با فرهنگ سرسخت قبيله ­اي منطقة جنوب غرب ايران از يك­سو و نياز به جلب حمايت قبايل و وحشت از شورش آنان از سوي ديگر برقراري پيوندهاي خانوادگي به شكل ازدواج­ هاي سياسي با مهم­ترين رهبران قبايل بود. ارتباط سياسي و خويشاوندي داريوش اول (486ـ522 ق.­م) با گبرياس يكي از همدستانش در سرنگوني گئوماته/ برديا و رهبر قبيلة پاتيشوري، يكي از قبايل قدرتمند منطقه يادآور رابطة داريوش سوم (330ـ335 ق.­م) واپسين شاه هخامنشي با ماداتس رهبر اوكسي­ ها يكي از قبايل سركش همين منطقه است. مقالة حاضر با مطالعة تطبيقي دو مورد فوق سعي مي­كند نشان دهد كه دستگاه سياسي هخامنشي چگونه با ايجاد اتحاديه­ هاي قبيله­ اي تحت رهبري معتمدين شاه به تقويت قدرت خود و تداوم آن در طول بيش از دو قرن برمي­آمد. مطالعة پيوندهاي قبيله اي شاهان هخامنشي به اين پيشنهاد ختم مي­شود كه داريوش سوم احتمالاً تباري اوكسي داشته است.

The region of southwest Iran where many Persian and non-Persian tribes lived during the Achaemenid period was crucial for the Achaemenid state especially in that almost all roads connecting the two imperial capitals of the empire run through this region. The policy used by the Achaemenid state for controlling this tribal region with its communication roads was to establish tribal confederations headed by a close relative of the king. Madates and Gobryas were among two leaders of these tribal confederations: Uxian and Patischorian (OP: Pātišuvariš). The Great Kings tried to reinforce these state-created tribal confederations by political marriages even until the end of the Persian Empire. Sisygambis the mother of Darius III called by the Greeks authors as a non-Achaemenid king was an Uxian woman married by Arsanes an Achaemenid prince. This is why she negotiated Alexander to free the Uxians under Madates a relative of Darius. Gobryas the head of Patischorian tribe was one of the seven who rebelled against Bardiya/Gaumāta. Based on the Persepolis Fortification texts, the region between modern Bāsht and Ardakān called Fahliyān or Shulestān (Šullaggi) was the territory occupied by this tribe. The Gobryas family and their agents possessed lands and estates in this region. Irdabama the daughter of Gobryas born from his marriage with daughter of a local dynast was married by Darius I in order to controlthisregion.She,like Sisygambisof Uxiana, owned economic interests in the form of estates and storehouses at Šullaggi granted by the king. The seven is derived from tribal structure of Achaemenid state and society.