تحولات كالبدي-فضايي شهرهاي ايراني-اسلامي در عصر حاضر (مورد مطالعه شهر بيرجند)

Framework-Spatial Changes of Iranian-Islamic Cities in the Present Age (Case Study: Birjand City)

ايجاد و گسترش شهرها همواره از عوامل اقتصادي، اجتماعي، فرهنگي، سياسي و البته طبيعي تأثير پذيرفته و فضاهاي كالبدي شهر نيز تحت تأثير اين عوامل تكوين و رشد يافته اند. پژوهش حاضر بر آن است ضمن بررسي و تبيين روند كلي تحولات فضايي-كالبدي شهر بيرجند، اين تحولات را در دو دوره زماني مورد بررسي و تدقيق قرار دهد. دوره پيش از ورود تفكرات مدرنيته يعني زماني كه حاكميت معماري درون گراي بومي ايراني، در كالبد شهرها چشم اندازي مطابق با آموزه هاي ديني و اسلامي را به نمايش مي گذارد. دوره دوم، دوره پس از ورود مدرنيسم به زندگي شهري است؛ زماني كه شهر تحت تأثير تحولات سريع جمعيتي و شهرنشيني، چهره جديدي به خود مي گيرد و معماري برون گراي امروزي در كليه ابعاد زندگي شهري و البته فضاهاي كالبدي و فيزيكي آن ظهور و بروز پيدا مي كند.

Establishing and developing of cites is always under the effects of economic, social, cultural, political and also natural factors and the framework spaces of these cities also has been grown up and created according to these factors. While the present study attempts to investigate and explain the general process of framework and spatial evolutions and changes of Birjand city, then it tries to inspect and scrutinize these changes in two periods of time. The first period is pertained to the time of pre-modernism reflections when the sovereignty of inner-oriented indigenous architecture of Iran in the body of cites represents the perspectives which were in conformity with religious and Islamic beliefs. The second period is the entrance of post modernism period into the life of people; when the city under the influence of quick changes of population growth and urbanization, has got a new appearance to itself and of today outer-oriented modern architecture manifested in all aspects of city life and also surely in bodily and physicalspaces of it.