تأثير آبياري قطره¬اي و كپسولي توأم با ابرجاذب بر گياه اوستئوسپرموم (Osteospermum ecklonis (DC) Norl) در ديوار سبز

Effect of Drip and Capsule Irrigation along with Super Absorbent Polymer on Osteospermum Plant in Green Wall

پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسه تأثیر دو روش آبیاری قطره¬ای و كپسولی رسی همراه با چهار سطح صفر، 3/0، 6/0 و 9/0 درصد وزنی پلیمر ابرجاذب بر شاخص¬های رشد و كارایی مصرف آب گیاه اوستئوسپرموم در دیوار سبز به صورت آزمایش فاكتوریل در قالب طرح پایه كاملا تصافی با چهار تكرار، انجام شد. محاسبه حجم آب مصرفی بر اساس روش سنجش رطوبت خاك و با استفاده از دستگاه رطوبت‌سنج تتاپروپ صورت گرفت. در طی آزمایش تعداد گل و در پایان آزمایش وزن تر و خشك اندام هوایی، سطح برگ، میانگین طول شاخه، طول ریشه، كلروفیل برگ، محتوای نسبی آب برگ و كارایی مصرف آب اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین وزن تر و خشك اندام هوایی، سطح برگ، میانگین طول شاخه و آماس نسبی مربوط به تیمار 6/0 درصد وزنی پلیمر و آبیاری قطره¬ای و بیشترین تعداد گل و كارایی مصرف آب مربوط به تیمار 6/0 درصد پلیمر و آبیاری كپسولی بود. تیمار 9/0 درصد پلیمر و آبیاری كپسولی بیشترین طول ریشه و محتوای كلروفیل را داشت. كارایی مصرف آب در آبیاری كپسولی (2 كیلوگرم بر متر مكعب) بیشتر از آبیاری قطره¬ای (8/1 كیلوگرم بر متر مكعب) بود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد آبیاری كپسولی همراه با كاربرد 6/0 درصد وزنی پلیمر ابرجاذب می-تواند بهترین تیمار برای گیاه اوستئوسپرموم در دیوار سبز باشد. این تیمار با بیشترین افزایش تعداد متوسط گل نسبت به شاهد، بالاترین كارایی مصرف آب را نیز ایجاد كرده است.

Introduction: One of the methods of increasing the water use efficiency is the application of water absorbent materials in Soil. Super absorbent polymer increases the water saving in soil and decreases the amount of water used for irrigation. By developing paths in public places creating green wall is very common. Green wall may have an efficient role in reducing cooling and heating energy of building and improving the thermal performance also it leads to biodiversity, reducing noise pollution and air pollution by absorbing CO2, dust and heavy metals. Irrigation requirement in green wall depends on the type of system, plant and climate condition. The plant used in this research was Osteospermum. The benefits of irrigation of capsule clay can be attributed to increase irrigation efficiency, yield and quality indices of products, the abundance of raw materials to make it and the lack of dependence on the currency for the pottery production Also simple and native technology doesn’t need power, reduced energy consumption and pests, diseases and weeds, thereby reducing the consumption of chemical pesticides insecticides, fungicides and herbicides, and the possibility of producing a healthier product, especially in cultivation. The other advantages of the greenhouse products are maintaining soil, preventing traps and the possibility of deploying in arid and semi-arid areas. So far, many researches about application of superabsorbent polymer have been done increasing the water use efficiency, irrigation interval and production yield but there has been no research conducted on drip and capsule irrigation in green wall. Two methods of drip and capsule irrigation compared with current irrigation methods in the green wall and polymer to reduce the number of irrigation steps was used due to lack and importance of water and introduction of capsule irrigation method as a new method of irrigation in the green wall in order to facilitate the implementation of irrigation system. This study was conducted in order to compare capsule and drip irrigation along with different levels of polymer on Osteospermum plant. Materials and Methods: This research was done in Shahrekord University. The experiment region has a semi-arid climate. The study was carried out as a factorial experiment in the form of completely randomized design with 8 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments were consisting of two types of drip and capsule irrigation and four levels of super absorbent polymer consist of zero, 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%. The experiment was done in pots. In order to simulate planting conditions circumstance with green wall, a shelf with four floors and 8 pot capacity in each floor was made from iron. The shelves were embedded so that the plant had a proper and identical condition in terms of growths, receiving light and irrigation. In this study the analysis of obtained data was accomplished with SAS software and for average comparison the LSD test at 5 percent level was used. Results and Discussion: The results of analysis of variance showed that clay capsule and drip irrigation with different levels of superabsorbent polymer have a positive and significant effect on water use efficiency, relative water content, total chlorophyll and growth indices of Osteospermum. The results also showed that fresh and dry shoot weight, leaf area, mean shoot length and relative water content are related to the treatment of 0.6% polymer in drip irrigation and maximum flowering therewith water use efficiency is related to 0.6% polymer in capsule irrigation. The treatment of 0.9% polymer in capsule irrigation had the highest root length and chlorophyll content. Water use efficiency in capsule irrigation (2 kg/m3) was higher than drip irrigation (1.8 kg/m3). Conclusions: The results showed that using capsule irrigation in green wall is applicable, despite its limitations and it can be used an irrigation method in green wall. Water use efficiency and number of flowers in this method were more than the drip irrigation method which enhanced the importance of this method. Accompanying this method with super absorbent polymer, improve the growth and water use efficiency by increasing the air conditioning, porosity and maintaining nutrients in soil. In compare with conducted researches, drip irrigation which is considered as one of the green wall irrigation methods has acceptable water use efficiency; also the existence of polymer had a positive effect on the growth of Osteospermum plant. The results showed the application of 0.6% polymer along with capsule irrigation could be a proper method for Osteospermum in green wall.