ارزيابي بافت هاي تاريخي بر پايه هنجار حس تعلق به مكان (نمونه مطالعاتي: محله سرچشمه گرگان)

The Evaluation of Environmental qualities in historic tissues based on sense of place (Case study: the Sarcheshme Neighborhood of Gorgan)

امروزه باكاهش بستر مناسب براي رويداد وقايع شهري و تعاملات اجتماعي،ازهيجانات تعلق زاي شهروندان به محيط كاسته شده و شهرهاجزبستري براي رفت و آمدهاي مكررنيستند. محله سرچشمه به عنوان بستر پژوهش، با توجه به موقعيت قرارگيري و پتانسيل هاي ويژه درون خود به دليل بي توجهي مديران شهري و شهروندان، سرزندگي سابق خود را از دست داده و به علت غفلت و ناآگاهي از اين ميراث گران بها، دچار ضعف و ناساماني هاي متعددي شده است. لذا هدف پژوهش موردنظر ارزيابي محله سرچشمه بر اساس ميزان مطلوبيت هنجارهاي حاصل از مباني نظري حس تعلق به تفكيك ابعاد ذهني، كاركردي و كالبدي است. جهت استخراج معيارهاي موثر برتحقيق بااستفاده از مطالعات كتابخانه اي، مباني نظري موضوع مطالعه شده و درقالب چهارچوب نظري پژوهش ارائه گرديد. لذا روش تحقيق مورد استفاده در اين بخش، كيفي است. در مرحله بعد بااستفاده از پرسش نامه، مشاهدات ميداني و مصاحبه، به بررسي و تحليل چهارچوب نظري پژوهش در محله سرچشمه پرداخته شد كه نتايج حاصل از پرسش نامه با استفاده ازآزمونT تك متغيره در نرم افزار Spss تجزيه وتحليل گرديد. سپس جهت تعيين ميزان مطلوبيت هر هنجار از تكنيك سلسله مراتبي و نرم افزارExpert choice استفاده شد و در نهايت هنجارها براساس بازه بندي طيف ليكرت طبقه بندي شدند. بنابراين در اين بخش روش تحقيق بكاررفته شامل روش كمي است. دستاوردهاي مقاله نشان مي دهد كه 6 هنجار امنيت، بومي گرايي، خوانايي و نماياني، دلبستگي به مكان، محصوريت و تمايز شخصيتي از وضعيت خوبي در محله برخوردارند. با نگاه كلي بر امتيازات هنجارهاي ابعاد سه گانه ذهن، كاركرد و كالبد به اين نتيجه مي رسيم كه محله سرچشمه از نظر ريخت و كالبد وضعيت بهتري نسبت به دو بعد ديگر دارد. همچنين اكثر هنجارها وضعيت متوسطي در محله داشته كه در مراحل بعد نياز است تا مسئولان نسبت به اتخاذ راهكارهاي مناسب براي تقويت احساس تعلق جمعي و هنجارهاي جامعه تدابيري بيانديشند.

Today with decrease appropriate background for urban events and social interactions، Citizens' sense of belonging to the place has been reduced and cities have become to the places with repeated commuter. In fact، inattention to the role and function of collective memories in improving the sense of belonging to residents، has caused serious problems for people. Thus the need to recognize and correct use of this concepts in planning and the design of historical tissues is evident. So the aim of this research is extracting the norms of sense of belonging according to the specialists of the place making and comparison the Sarcheshme neighborhood with the results of theoretical studies about the sense of belonging. Concepts in the scope of research and providing necessary context for rehabilitation them، based on the norms that extract from the theoretical of the sense of place in mental، functional، and physical aspects. For this purpose، in order to determine the factors contributing to the enhancement the sense of place among Sarcheshme neighborhood residents and strengthen the factors that derived from subjective، function and structure views، first with exploring in the ideas of various scientists about the sense of belonging، criterions and norms affecting on the sense of belonging were extracted. Then with studding the similar global studies، the recommended strategies as well as factors affecting the sense of belonging were defined. In the next section for scrutiny studies and achieve the desired goals، field studies and the assessment of Sarcheshme neighborhood was paid. On this basis studies، the main question of this study is that how can we evaluate the norms of sense of belonging in the Sarcheshme neighborhood? According to the features of the Sarcheshme neighborhood، what approaches towards the realization of norms derived from theoretical principles can be adopted? Sarcheshme neighborhood is the name of one of the old and historic neighborhoods of Gorgan city. Location of this old quarter is between the municipality square and the Meidan crossroads and the approximate area is 9 hectares. To use rules، principles and paradigms that are reflected in such contexts، qualitative methods of research is used. After extracting the relevant criteria، recognizing the intended qualities that desired by field data and images taken from the site was carried out so that they are to be reviewed. Thus the research method is by using questionnaires، field observations، literature review and interviews. After completing the questionnaire، the results were analyzed using the software spss and AHP and condition of each of norm was found in the neighborhood. Article achievements show that 6 norms inclusive attachment to place، secure، nativist، closeness، readability anddistinct personality are good in the neighborhood. With overview of the advantages in the norms of the three dimensions of place including، mind، function and structure will conclusion that the Sarcheshme neighborhood from the perspective of structure is better than the other two dimensions. Also the most norms have moderate conditions in the neighborhood that have been enhanced at the design stage.