پديد آورندگان :
اميني، روح اله دانشگاه تبريز - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه اكوفيزيولوژي گياهي , دباغ محمدي نسب، عادل دانشگاه تبريز - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه اكوفيزيولوژي گياهي , مهدوي، شهرام دانشگاه تبريز - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه اكوفيزيولوژي گياهي
كليدواژه :
كود دامي , غلظت نيترات , پارس هيوميك پلاس , برد هيوم , اوره
چكيده فارسي :
به منظور بررسي تاثير كودهاي آلي و شيميايي بر عملكرد و برخي صفات كيفي سيب زميني (Solanum tuberosum L.) آزمايشي در قالب طرح بلوك هاي كامل تصادفي در سه تكرار در منطقه اردبيل در سال 1392 اجرا گرديد. تيمارهاي آزمايش شامل شاهد (بدون كود)، 30 تن در هكتار كود دامي+ 50 درصد كود شيميايي اوره توصيه شده، كود آلي پارس هيوميك پلاس+ 50 درصد كود شيميايي اوره، كود آلي برد هيوم، 100 درصد كود شيميايي اوره توصيه شده، كود آلي پارس هيوميك پلاس، كود آلي برد هيوم + 50 درصد كود شيميايي اوره و 30 تن در هكتار كود دامي بودند. نتايج نشان داد كه اثر تيمار كودي بر صفات ارتفاع بوته، تعداد ساقه فرعي، اجزاي عملكرد، عملكرد غده و غلظت نيترات در غده سيب زميني معني دار بود. تيمار كود دامي+50 درصد اوره بيشترين ارتفاع بوته، تعداد ساقه فرعي و ميانگين وزني غده را در بين تيمارها به خود اختصاص داد كه با تيمار 100 درصد كود اوره تفاوت معني داري نداشت. همه تيمارهاي كودي به غير از بردهيوم+50 درصد اوره باعث افزايش معني دار قطر غده در مقايسه با شاهد شدند. تعداد غده در بوته در تيمار كود دامي+50 درصد اوره بيشترين مقدار بود كه تفاوت معني داري با تيمارهاي شاهد بدون كود، بردهيوم و پارس هيوميك پلاس داشت. بيشترين عملكرد غده (35/7 تن در هكتار) در تيمار كود دامي+50 درصد اوره حاصل شد كه با تيمار100 درصد كود اوره (25/31 تن در هكتار) تفاوت معني داري نداشت. تيمار پارس هيوميك پلاس و بردهيوم كمترين غلظت نيترات (به ترتيب 79 و 100/3 ميلي گرم بر كيلوگرم ماده خشك) و تيمار 100 درصد كود اوره بيشترين غلظت نيترات (271 ميلي گرم بر كيلوگرم ماده خشك) را در غده داشتند. به طور كلي مي توان نتيجه گرفت كه ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺗﻠفيقي ﮐﻮد دامي +50 درصد كود اوره علاوه بر اين كه باعث حصول عملكرد به ميزان تيمار 100 درصد كود اوره مي شود، مي-تواند غلظت نيترات را نسبت به اين تيمار به طور معني داري كاهش دهد كه در واقع هم عملكرد غده در حد قابل قبول حفظ شده و هم غلظت نيترات در غده كاهش يافته است.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the staple foods for human, with a very high yield. In Iran, the everincreasing
average consumption of potato is over 35 kg while increasing population and high cost of other food
sources inevitably leads to need for higher crop production. Generally, humic acid products are available as
inexpensive salt solutions such as potassium humate. Humic acid is used to decrease the negative impacts of
chemical fertilizers and some other chemicals present in the soil. Impact of humic acid on plant growth has long
been established. Ghosh et al. (2004) discussed humic substances as the natural technological products with their
miraculous effects on crops and concluded that a scientific and practical program is needed to use this
technology in the world, particularly in the developing countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to study
the effects of different fertilizer treatments on yield components, tuber yield and nitrate concentration of potato
tuber to identify the best fertilizer treatment for potato production.
Material and Methods
In order to evaluate the effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and some qualitative characteristics
of potato, an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three
replications during 2013 in Ardebil region, Iran. This experiment was conducted based on randomized complete
block design with eight treatments and three replications. The fertilizer treatments were including control
(without fertilizer), farm manure +50% urea, Pars Humic +50% urea, Bird Hume organic fertilizer, 100%
chemical fertilizer (urea), Pars Humic Plus organic fertilizer, Bird Hume + 50% urea and farm manure.Pars
Humic Plus organic fertilizer was applied at the rate of 4 kg.ha-1 as mixed with water during 6-8 leaf stage,
flowering stage, and tubers expansion stage. Pars Humic Plus organic and biological fertilizer contained 60%
humic acid, 15% fulvic acid and NPK of 10:0:10 and all of micronutrients. Bird Hume fertilizer contained 38%
humic and fulvic acids, 60% poultry manure and 2% micronutrients and based on its contents it was applied in
the basis of 300 kg.ha-1 to soil during plantation. Manure was added and mixed with soil in the basis of 30 ton/ha
before planting. 300 kg.ha-1 urea fertilizer was applied to the soil during 6-8 leaf stage, flowering stage, and
tuber expansion stage. Final harvest was done during 50% drying of the above ground organs and after removing
the above ground parts of the plant (10 days before harvesting). The data subjected to analysis of variance after
testing for normality and homogeneity of variance, using MSTATC and SAS. The means were compared using
Duncan's multiple range test at p≤0.05.
Results and Discussion
Results indicated that the effect of fertilizer treatment was significant on plant height, lateral stem number,
yield components, tuber yield and nitrate concentration of potato. All the fertilizer treatments except the Bird
Hume +50% urea increased the tuber diameter in comparison with control treatment. The tuber number per plant
in farm manure +50% urea treatment was the highest and had significant difference with control, Bird Hume and
Pars Humic Plus treatments. The highest tuber yield was obtained in farm manure +50% urea treatment that was
not significantly different from 100% urea treatment. The Pars Humic Plus and Bird Hume treatments had the
lowest nitrate concentration in tuber and 100% urea treatment had the highest nitrate concentration. Conclusion
In general it can be concluded that the integrated application of farm manure +50% urea not only resulted in
yield as high as 100% urea treatment, but also reduced nitrate concentration significantly.
