بررسي اقتصادي حساسيت خانوارهاي ايراني به مخارج مذهبي

رفتار اقتصادي جامعه از ديدگاه اسلام مي تواند نمادي از ميزان نهادينه‏شدن پايه هاي دين در فكر و انديشه مردم باشد. مطالعه روند تغييرات رفتارهاي اقتصادي نيز جهت بررسي تاثير سياست ها بر دين-مداري مردم كمك مي كند. بدين منظور بررسي شاخص هاي اقتصادي جامعه از اهميت ويژه اي برخوردار است. يكي از شاخص‌هاي مهم اقتصادي جهت تقسيم‏بندي كالاها و خـدمات، مـحاسبه كشش درآمدي (هزينه اي)‌ مي‌باشد. بر اساس آموزه هاي اسلام انتظار مي رود مخارج واجب و مستحب نوع دوستانه، داراي كشش درآمدي كمتر از يك و از ضروريات زندگي مسلمانان باشد و ساير مخارج مذهبي در شمار اقلام لوكس قرار گيرند. در اين مقاله در يك بررسي تجربي، كشش درآمدي مخارج مذهبي خانوارهاي شهري و روستايي مربوط به دوره زماني 1393-1383 با استفاده از روش رگرسيون-هاي به ظاهر نامرتبط (Seemingly Unrelated Regression) (SUR) تخمين زده شد و مشاهده گرديد، مخارج سفرهاي مذهبي و مخارج مستحب برگزاري مراسم جمعي شهري و روستايي و مخارج مذهبي شخصي روستايي مطابق با انتظارات كالايي لوكس به شمار مي آيند و بر خلاف انتظار مخارج مستحب نوع دوستانه روستايي نيز در شمار كالاهاي لوكس قرار گرفت. همچنين با توجه به معنادارنبودن ضرايب مربوط به متغير مستقل درآمد در مورد ساير هزينه هاي مذهبي، امكان محاسبه كشش درآمدي (هزينه اي) آنها وجود نداشت.

The economic behavior of the society from the point of view of Islam can be a symbol of the institutionalization of the foundations of religion in peopleʹs thinking and thought. The study of the trend of economic behavior changes also helps to study the impact of policies on peopleʹs religiosity. For this purpose, the economic indicators of the society are important. One of the most important economic indicators for the classification of goods and services is the calculation of income elasticity. According to the teachings of Islam, it is expected that the elasticity of the obligatory and recommended expenditures of kindnessbe less than one and the necessities of the life of Muslims, and other religious expenditures are among the luxury items. In this paper, in an empirical study, the income elasticity of the religious expenditures of urban and rural households related to the period of 1393-1338 was estimated using the seemingly unrelated regression method (SUR) and it was estimated that expenditures Religious trips and expenditures are for the purpose of organizing urban and rural communal and rural personal expenses, in line with the expectations of luxury goods. Moreover, in spite of the expectation of the costly nature of rural villages, it was ranked among luxury goods. In addition, due to the lack of significance of the coefficients related to the independent variable of income in relation to other religious expenditures, there was no possibility of calculating their income growth (cost).