مقايسه و ارزيابي رابطه جاودانگي و معناي زندگي در انديشه تولستوي وملاصدرا

Comparison and Critique The relationship of death and immortality on the meaning of life in Notion of tolstoy and mollasadra

مسئله رابطه و تاثير مرگ و جاودانگي بر معناي زندگي در آثار متفكراني چون تولستوي و ملا صدرا به عنوان يكي از مسائل بنيادي مورد توجه بوده است ،تولستوي كه زماني احساس پوچي مي كرده تصميم مي گيرد راه حلي بيابد،پس از سفرهاي متعدد و مطالعه علوم مختلف و بالاخص كنكاش در زندگي واحوالات گروه هاي مختلفي از مردم اعم از پوچ گرايان و كساني كه زندگي را معنادار مي دانند به اين نتيجه مي رسد كه لازمه معنادار بودن زندگي جاودانه بودن انسان است والا سعادت و بامعنا بودن زندگي توهم وخيالي بيش نيست واين نتيجه حاصل استقراء و مطالعه در زندگي مردم است نه حاصل يك نظام فلسفي نظاممند. اما ملاصدرا با توجه به نظام فلسفي خاص خود كه بر اساس مباني واصول نظاممندي طراحي شده،اثبات مي كند كه انسان جسمانيه الحدوث و روحانيه البقاء است و نفس و بدن رابطه اتحادي دارند ونفس انسان بواسطه اتحاد با ادراكات وتاثير پذيري از فضايل اخلاقي وانجام دستورات شريعت ، سعه وجودي پيدا كرده و به تدريج به تجرد وروحانيت وجاودانگي مي رسد و هدف نهايي وحقيقي از زندگي انسان رسيدن به مبداء هستي است وچون مبداء هستي نهايت ندارد پس انسان در صورتي مي تواند در مسير هدف ومعناي زندگي گام بردارد كه جاودانه باشد لذا با اثبات عالم برزخ وقيامت سير انسان را بي نهايت مي داند واين تفسير از زندگي ومرگ نه تنها ترسناك نيست وباعث پوچي نمي شود بلكه موجب پويايي ، اميد ، آرامش و معناداري زندگي مي شود .

Issue of relationship and impact of death and immortality on the meaning of life in the authorities of thinkers such as Tolstoy and Mullasadra has been considered as one of the fundamental issues.Once Tolstoy felt absurdity،decided to find a solution.After various trips and study different Sciences،specially searching in lives of different groups of people both nihilists and those who consider life meaningfuly،came to a conclusion that immortality of human is essential to having meaningful life،otherwise happiness and meaningful of life would be hallucination،this conclusion is result of induction and study on people's lives not result of philosophical system. However،Mullasadra according to his particular philosophical system which planned based on regular participles proved that human being is physical created and spiritual survival،soul and body have unio‎n relation.Soul impressed with moral virtues and obey shariat's orders and achieve spirituality and immortality. Ultimate goal of human life is achieving the origin of existence.For instance،Kendy has considered separation of soul as a ultimate happiness،Farabi has announced major welfare as happiness،Ebne Sina has considered eternal life and nearness to God and Ghazali has considered knowledge and action as happiness.Although،by adventing modernisation and changing viewpoint of human towards universe has been converted not only a serious problem but also meaning crisis.Thoughts of nihilism beccame massive hit among modern and industrial communities،and modern citizen without cinsidering it's meaning got disappointed. Some activities are done to clarification solutions of modern human confusion which among western thinkers thought of Tolstoy and among Muslims thinkers are noticeable.Some investigations about their authorities are done،but not criticism investigations;athour in this essay brief revision in their thoughts and reveal similarities with differences about immortality and meaning of life as well as evaluation Tolstoy's theory with camparison Sadra.At first، brief vision is required to drop a hint to theories of meanigf of life.