بررسي تاثير پروژه‌هاي آبخيزداري بر كيفيت زندگي در نواحي روستايي شهرستان بابل

Investigating the Impact of Watershed Management Projects on the Quality of Life in Rural Areas of Babol County

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي تاثير پروژه‌هاي آبخيزداري بر كيفيت زندگي در نواحي روستايي شهرستان بابل انجام گرفته است. جامعه آماري تحقيق را 5225 نفراز سرپرستان خانوار در 8 روستاي هدف پروژه‌هاي آبخيزداري در شهرستان بابل تشكيل دادند كه از طريق فرمول كوكران 300 نفر به عنوان نمونه‌هاي اين تحقيق انتخاب گرديد. نمونه‌ها از طريق انتساب متناسب در بين سه گروه روستا با اقدامات پيشرفته، متوسط و ضعيف آبخيزداري انتخاب شدند. نمونه‌گيري دورن روستاها به شيوه تصادفي ساده بود. ابزار جمع‌آوري اطلاعات پرسشنامه بود كه روايي صوري و محتوايي آن بر اساس نظر كارشناسان محلي و اساتيد دانشگاهي تأييد شد و پايايي آن از طريق محاسبه ضريب آلفاي كرونباخ براي سازه‌هاي مختلف تحقيق بين 0/68 تا 0/96 مورد تأييد قرار گرفت. نتايج آزمون t تك نمونه‌اي نشان داد كه در گروه روستاهاي با اقدامات آبخيزداري پيشرفته و متوسط سطح كيفيت زندگي كمتر از حد متوسط است. در حالي كه در گروه روستاهاي با اقدامات آبخيزداري ضعيف سطح كيفيت زندگي بيشتر از حد متوسط است. مولفه‌هاي چهارگانه كيفيت زندگي از طريق آزمون F مستقل بين سه گروه روستاها مقايسه شد. نتايج نشان داد كه وضعيت مولفه اقتصادي و فيزيكي - كالبدي و محيطي - حفاظتي در روستاهاي با اقدامات آبخيزداري ضعيف بهتر از دو گروه ديگر است. در حالي كه نتايج ارزيابي مولفه اجتماعي نشان داد كه وضعيت در روستاهاي با اقدامات آبخيزداري پيشرفته بهتر از دو گروه ديگر است. نتايج اين تحقيق بيانگر عدم تأثير اجراي پروژه‌هاي بزرگ آبخيزداري با تأثير بلندمدت بر كيفيت زندگي در نواحي روستايي است. به علاوه پروژه‌هاي كوچك بيولوژيكي كه تأثير عيني و محسوسي بر فعاليت‌هاي معيشيتي دارند بيشتر بر سطح كيفيت زندگي روستاييان تأثير داشته است.

Quality of life (QOL) has been as broadly defined as "life satisfaction" or specifically as "the factual material and immaterial equipment of life and its perception characterised by health, living environment, legality, equity, work, etc." Despite conceptual debates, one general trend in quality of life research has been the increasing acknowledgment and incorporation of the inherent complexity and multidimensional nature of the concept. Moreover quality of life concerns in rural development. Planning and management processes at the local level need to be identified and evaluated through participatory bottom-up approaches. Therefore this study aimed to assess the impact of watershed management projects on quality of life in rural areas of Babol County. Material and Methods This applied research carried out based on survey strategy. The statistical population includes 5225 heads of households in eight villages targeted for watershed management projects in Babol County in which 300 samples were selected by Cochran Formula. Based on appropriate allocation among three groups of villages with strong, medium and weak watershed management activities samples were selected. Random sampling method was used to select head of households within villages. A questionnaire was used in order to collect data and its face and content validity was verified using comments of faculty members and local experts and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed according to calculate Cronbach's alpha between 0.68 to 0.96. Discussion Results of one-sample t-test showed that quality of life level in villages with strong and medium watershed management activities were lesser than average. While in villages with weak watershed management activities the level of quality of life was greater than average. Five components of quality of life were compared among three groups of villages through one-way ANOVA test. Result showed that average means of economical, physical and environmental components in villages with weak watershed management activities were better than two other groups. While assessing social components showed that the situation in villages with strong watershed management activities was better than other two groups. The results of this research revealed that large watershed management projects with long-term effect have on contribution on quality of life in rural areas. Moreover small biological projects which objective and tangible effect on livelihood activities has more contribution on quality of life in rural areas. Conclusions This paper provides an overview of the main issues related to the quality of life concept in the context of watershed management project and discusses the need for operational governance models in order to identify, evaluate, and incorporate in action planning quality of life concerns at the local level. The results can help link quality of life indicators and the related watershed management project. Moreover our results can establish a connection between quality of life indicators based information at the local level and watershed management project.