بررسي اثر بخشي فناوري اطلاعات بر سازمان

Investigating the effectiveness of information technology on the organization

ﺑﺎوﺟﻮد ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوري ﻫﺎي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت، ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻓﻨﺎوري ﻫﺎﯾﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ ﻓﺮاﻣﻮﺷﯽ ﺳﭙﺮده اﻧﺪ و ﯾﺎ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﮔﯿﺮي درﺑﺎره ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﭘﺬﯾﺮﺷﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط و اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﺎده ﺳﺎزي آن ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻨﯽ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. دﻟﯿﻞ اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﻧﺎﺗﻮاﻧﯽ ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﯾﻦ ﻓﻨﺎوري ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ رﻗﺒﺎي ﺧﻮد ﯾﺎ ﻧﺎﺗﻮاﻧﯽ ﺷﺎن در ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري از ﻓﺮﺻﺘﻬﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﻓﻨﺎوري ﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﻓﻨﺎوري ﻫﺎ، ﮐﻔﺎﯾﺘﺸﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺴﺐ و ﮐﺎر، اﻣﮑﺎن ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري از ﻣﺰاﯾﺎي آن و ﺗﻼش در ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﺴﺐ ذﻫﻨﯿﺘﯽ ﻧﻮ از ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ را درك ﮐﺮد. در ﻋﯿﻦ ﺣﺎل، درك ﻧﺤﻮه ارﺗﺒﺎط دﻗﯿﻖ ﻓﻨﺎوري ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ ﺗﺪاوم ﮐﺴﺐ و ﮐﺎر ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻓﻨﺎوري ﻫﺎﯾﯽ، ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺪل ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﺑﻬﺮه وري ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن، ﻣﺪل ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ ﺟﺪﯾﺪي در اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮزه اراﺋﻪ دﻫﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻫﺪف ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از روش ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻣﺪل ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﺪا از ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪي ﻫﺎي ﺳﺨﺖ اﻓﺰاري ﺧﻮد ﻫﻤﭽﻮن؛ زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺎ و اﺑﺰارﻫﺎي ﻻزم، ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار ﻫﻢ ﻫﺴﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار ﺧﻮد را ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ در ﯾﮏ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﻄﺮح ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﺑﻄﻮري ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ را ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺪ. ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت، ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰه اي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ در داﺧﻞ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽ روﻧﺪ و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺎم ﮐﺎﻧﺎل ﻫﺎي اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ و ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت آن ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻬﯿﺎ ﮐﺮدن اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﮔﯿﺮي و ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﺳﺎزي ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت و ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ آن ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ و ﺑﺎ دﻗﺖ ﻻزم ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﺳﺎزي ﺧﻮد در راﺳﺘﺎي رﻓﻊ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت و ﻧﯿﻞ ﺑﻪ اﻫﺪاف ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن، ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ارﺗﻘﺎء ﺑﻬﺮه وري ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﮔﺎم ﺑﺮدارﻧﺪ.

Considering the dramatic development of information technology, some organizations have completely forgotten the need to adopt such technologies or move to decide on the admission process and act to implement it at a very low rate. This is due to the inability of managers to use this technology in front of their competitors or their inability to exploit the opportunities resulting from these technologies. To solve the problem, it should be understood the capabilities of these technologies, their adequacy for business, the possibility of exploiting the benefits of it and trying to achieve a new management mindset. At the same time, understanding of how detailed relation of new technologies and information systems, as well as how to ensure business continuity with regard to the security of such technology is very valuable. The purpose of this article is to offer a new conceptual model in this area by reviewing some conceptual models on how the impact of information technology on performance and efficiency of the organization. In order to achieve the aim of the research, library method was used. Conceptual model suggests that information technology apart from its hardware requirements such as the infrastructure and tools required need software as well. The software is raised as information systems in an organization so that it can be called one of the most important information systems as information management system. Management information systems are generally mechanized information systems that are commonly used within organizations and include all the channels of information and communications of organization in order to provide the necessary information for different levels of management. Managers to make decisions and decision-making need numerous and different sources of information to through it are able to take step quickly and accurately with their decision-making in order to solve problems and achieve goals, improve performance and enhance the efficiency of the organization.