پديد آورندگان :
هدايتي، مهدي دانشگاه ملاير - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم دامي , شيخ الاسلامي، آسيه دانشگاه ملاير - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم دامي , منافي، ميلاد دانشگاه ملاير - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم دامي , ياري، مجتبي دانشگاه ملاير - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم دامي
كليدواژه :
جوجه‌هاي گوشتي , فراسنجه‌هاي بيوشيميايي , عصاره كاسني , ايمني هومورال , باكتريهاي روده‌اي , آنتي‌بيوتيك محرك رشد
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
:
In order to stimulate growth, eliminate nutri
ent deficiencies, strengthen immune
responses and prevent diseases, several additives are being added into the poultry feeds (Rakhshan
et al. 1389). Initially, the first materials that were considered as food additives were antibiotics and
anti
-
bacterial a
gents (Hedayati et al. 2015). Since 2006, the EU and later US have prohibited the use
of all antibiotics as a growth promoter in livestock industry (Hashemi et al., 2009).
Addition of
medicinal herbs is aimed for replacing with the chemical compounds avail
able in poultry diets.
The
minimum benefit of medicinal plants compared to chemical drugs is that if they do not role a
positive effect, they have much
-
more limited side effects.
Chicory plant (
Cichorium intybus
L.) and
the English name Succory is a plant
of the Asteraceae family, which are available in different parts
of Iran.
In order to evaluate the effects of Chicory root extract with growth promoter antibiotic
, a
n
experiment was conducted
on blood biochemical parameters, immune titers and Cecum bacteri
al
population
.
Material and methods:
192 Ross 308 mixed sex day
-
old chicks were used in a completely
randomized design manner for 42 days
, which were distributed after initial weighing
. Experimental
design of current trial was consisted of 4 treatments, 4
replicates and 12 chicks per each replicate.
Treatments were 1) control, 2) Flavomycin antibiotic growth promoter (0.045%), 3 and 4) Chicory
root extract
in 0.5 and 0.1%, respectively.
Extract of chicory root was prepared by the maceration
method at Malay
er University central laboratory. At first, the required amount of dried chicory root
was prepared and the woods and groves were removed and then thoroughly grinded with a miller.
The required amount of powder was then weighed and injected into the
Laborat
ory Becher.
For
every 100 grams of powder, 700 ml of 96% ethanol and 300 ml of distilled water were added to
Bechers and thoroughly blended for 2 minutes, then an aluminum foil was applied on it and 48
hours later using Whattman filter paper (W
-
42, UK) was
flattened.
Then, the ethanol was isolated
and the pure extract was obtained and kept until it was used in the refrigerator. In order to study the
performance, body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were measured and
recorded on a wee
kly basis. Also, at the end of trial, from each experimental unit, two birds were
selected and 3 ml of blood samples were collected for assessing immunity and biochemical
parameters of blood serum. Biochemical parameters including triglyceride, cholesterol
, high
-
density
lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL), were checked and sent to a biochemical
laboratory using a centrifuge at 3000 rpm, for 10 minutes, the serum was isolated from the
specimen and measured using an auto
-
analyzer (Technicon RA
-
1000, USA). Collected data were
analyzed and statistical analysis was performed in a completely randomized design with SAS
version 9.1 and GLM procedure. Mean comparison was performed using Duncan's multiple range
test at the probability level of P <0.05. Results and discussion:
It is found that
the maximum body weight and minimum FCR was
significantly (P<0.05) found in antibiotic fed group and the least feed consumption was
significantly (P<0.05)
seen in 0.1% Chicory root extract.
It seems that the applic
ation of antibiotic
growth promoter compared to other groups has had a better effect on weekly and final body weight.
Among the food additives evaluated, prebiotics derived from medicinal plants are the most suitable
food supplements, as they can eliminate
the competitive microbial pathogens and replace the
beneficial bacteria in the intestine. From the known peribiotics, inulin and oligofructose available in
chicory can be found widely used in the poultry industry.
In plants such as chicory, there is
an
ur
onic acid, a kind of non
-
polysaccharide polysaccharide and blocks the structure of a pektin, a
soluble non
-
starch polysaccharide in the gastrointestinal tract. Reduces the viscosity of digestive
substances, increases water absorption, reduces water intake
and increases feed intake, as well as
insoluble insecticides of chicory polysaccharides increase the rate of digestive flow in birds, which
subsequently increases feed intake.
The immune titers against Newcastle and Avian influenza
diseases were not signif
icantly altered. The total protein was significantly (P<0.05) increased in
Chicory root extract treatments compared to growth promoter antibiotic
group.
The bacterial
population of Coliforms, Salmonella and
E. coli
in broilers fed Chicory root extracts wer
e
significantly (P<0.05) reduced than other dietary treatments.
Oligosaccharides in medicinal plants
have a positive effect on preventing the growth of bacteria that lead to infection. Oligosaccharides
act as soluble fibers, leading to a reduction in the d
isplacement of gastrointestinal tract and reduce
the spread of infectious agents. Plants rich in flavonoids and terpene compounds enhance the
immune system and produce antibodies by increasing the activity of vitamin C and their
antibacterial activity.
Con
clusion:
It can be concluded that Chicory root extract at 0.1% dosage when compared with
growth promoter antibiotic fed group
could improve the blood biochemical parameters and reduce
the bacterial population of feces.
