ارتباطات و بهبود بهره‌وري در ايران: تجزيه و تحليل بخشي

Telecommunications and the Iran productivity revival: a disaggregated analysis

این پژوهش به بررسی اثرات اقتصادی نفوذ و گسترش ارتباطات بر عملكرد بهره‌وری 19 بخش و كل اقتصاد ایران می‌پردازد. برای این منظور از جداول داده - ستانده سال 1380 و 1390 مركز آمار ایران و مركز پژوهش‌های مجلس شورای اسلامی ‌استفاده شده است. در این مورد، مطابق با چارچوب مطالعات پترسون (1979) و كورا (2006)، به بررسی رابطه‌ی بین سرمایه‌گذاری در زیرساخت ارتباطات و بهره‌وری كل عوامل پرداخته شده است. یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان می‌دهند كه ارتباطات به‌عنوان بخشی مهم و اساسی برای رشد بهره‌وری فعالیت‌ها و كل سیستم اقتصادی كشور عمل می‌كند. طبقه‌بندی JEL: D24، D57، L96

Economic analysis is usually based on the assumption that individuals seek to maximize personal or individual interest. There are, however, evidence and phenomena in some of the economic experiments that cannot be interpreted and explained solely on the basis of personal interest. To explain contrary result of experiments some models arise by considering those motivations beside the selfishness such as fairness, reciprocity and altruism. Three types of these models are introduced in this paper. The first and second models are based on fairness and inequality aversions. In the third model, it is assumed that individuals maximize total payoff. To test the validity of models, a two person distributional experiment is designed in the form of a dictator game. The test was performed for two groups of students. The results show that a significant proportion of individuals choose fairness outcome versus self-interest, in the expense of own payoff. To evaluate the robustness of result, the experiment was repeated for another group, with the difference that this time, if the fair one is chosen, not only will the person receive less money, but also the total surplus reduces. Nevertheless a significant proportion of people choose a fair option. JEL Classification: C7, A13, D63, D64