بررسي رابطه بين فرسودگي شغلي و رضايت شغلي در بين معلمان ابتدايي استان چهارمحال و بختياري

Investigating the Relationship between Occupational Burnout and Job Satisfaction among the Teachers of Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari Province

ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺟﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﺮﺳﻮدﮔﯽ ﺷﻐﻠﯽ و رﺿﺎﯾﺖ ﺷﻐﻠﯽ در ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ ﭼﻨﺪﭘﺎﯾﻪ اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﯿﺎري ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﻓﺮﺳﻮدﮔﯽ ﺷﻐﻠﯽ ﺑﺨﺶ اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺣﺮﻓﻪ اي را ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ و از ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯿﺎت ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺷﻐﻞ ﺳﺮﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد. اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮوز ﻧﺎرﺿﺎﯾﺘﯽ ﻓﺮد ﺷﺎﻏﻞ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮات ﻣﻨﻔﯽ زﯾﺎدي در ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺷﻐﻠﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﻫﺮ ﺷﻐﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺳﻮدﮔﯽ ﻫﻤﺮاه اﺳﺖ اﻣﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻓﺮﺳﻮدﮔﯽ در ﺑﻌﻀﯽ از ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ. اﻏﻠﺐ ﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﻫﺎي درﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺜﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎري و ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻠﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﺮو ﮐﺎر دارﻧﺪ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻠﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪﮐﻪ ﻓﺮﺳﻮدﮔﯽ ﺑﺴﯿﺎري اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮ روي 60 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ ﭼﻨﺪﭘﺎﯾﻪ اﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﯿﺎري ﺑﻪ روش ﻏﯿﺮﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در دﺳﺘﺮس اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﺳﻮدﮔﯽ ﺷﻐﻠﯽ ﻣﺎزﻻك و ﺟﮑﺴﻮن و ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ رﺿﺎﯾﺖ ﺷﻐﻠﯽ ﺑﺮي ﻓﯿﻠﺪورث ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. داده ﻫﺎ ﭘﺲ از ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي آﻣﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ، ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ و اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﯿﺎر و ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻬﺎي آﻣﺎر اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ آزﻣﻮن ﺗﯽ و ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار spss ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﭼﻮن ﺳﻦ، ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺖ و... ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺮﺳﻮدﮔﯽ ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن ﻓﺮﺳﻮدﮔﯽ ﺷﻐﻠﯽ و رﺿﺎﯾﺖ ﺷﻐﻠﯽ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ و در ﺳﻄﺢ 0/05 ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﻧﻤﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻓﺮدي در ﻓﺮﺳﻮدﮔﯽ ﺷﻐﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ اﻣﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺮﺳﻮدﮔﯽ ﺷﻐﻠﯽ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ رﺿﺎﯾﺖ ﺷﻐﻠﯽ در ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي ﻫﺎي دﻗﯿﻘﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﯾﺮد.

The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between occupational burnout and job satisfaction among the multi-grade elementary teachers in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The occupational burnout phenomenon is an inevitable part of professional life and comes from work experience. This leads to the employees' dissatisfaction and, in turn, has a negative impact on their job performance. Every job is associated with burnout, but burnout is more prominent in some jobs than others. Most healthcare professions such as nursing and medical, as well as those jobs engaged in human services are among the jobs that create much burnout. This study was conducted on 60 elementary multi-grade teachers of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province who were sampled using a non-randomized convenience method. They were surveyed using Maslach and Jackson's Burnout Inventory and Barry Field-Roth's Job Satisfaction Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by the descriptive statistics indices including frequency, mean, standard deviation and by the inferential statistics indices including the t-student and Pearson correlation by help of SPSS. Variables such as age, gender, etc. have no significant effect on reducing burnout. Moreover, there is a negative correlation between occupational burnout and job satisfaction and it is not significant at the level of 0.05. Although individual factors play an important role in occupational burnout, careful planning should be made in organizations in order to reduce occupational burnout and increase job satisfaction.