بررسي وضعيت شايستگي هنرآموزان براي آموزش كارآفريني

Investigating the Art Student's Level of Competency for Entrepreneurship Education

ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در زﻣﺮه ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي آﻣﯿﺨﺘﻪ و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دو ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺑﻮد. در ﺑﺨﺶ اول ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ راﺑﻄ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻤﯽ را ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن (124 ﻧﻔﺮ) و داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان ﻣﺪارس ﻓﻨﯽ ﺣﺮﻓﻪ اي (292 ﻧﻔﺮ) ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ دادﻧﺪ. ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان و ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﺮﺷﻤﺎري ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. از آزﻣﻮن ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﺎﻧﻪ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان) اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻣﻘﺪار ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار 0/982 ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري 0/018 اﯾﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﺑﻮد. ﻫﺪف از ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺗﻢ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ 15 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن ﻣﺪارس ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻗﻀﺎوﺗﯽ ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ اﺷﺒﺎع (15 ﻧﻔﺮ) اداﻣﻪ ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮد. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺗﻢ، ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎز آزﻣﻮن ﻣﻘﺪار 0/78 و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ دو ﮐﺪﮔﺬار 0/86 ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از آزﻣﻮن ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري وﺟﻮد دارد؛ و ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺪول 279 ﮐﺪ و 21 ﺗﻢ ﮐﺸﻒ ﺷﺪ؛ ﮐﻪ در ﺳﻪ دﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ داﻧﺶ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن، ﻧﮕﺮش وارزش و ﻣﻮلفه مهارت دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.

The purpose of this study is to determine and model the required competencies of technical-vocational students for entrepreneurship education and to determine the way and mechanism through which these competencies influence students' entrepreneurship capabilities. With regard to the purpose and type of research, this is a mixed research including two quantitative and qualitative parts. In the first part of the research, the researchers sought to investigate the relationship between teachers' competencies and students' entrepreneurship capabilities. The study population in the quantitative part consists of 124 teachers and 292 students of technical-vocational schools. All of the students and teachers in this part were evaluated using the census method. The Pearson correlation test was used to examine the relationship between the variables (teachers' competencies and students' entrepreneurship capabilities). The correlation between the variables was obtained as 0.982, showing a positive and significant relationship with regard to the significance level of 0.088. The purpose of the qualitative part is to identify the teachers' competencies using semi-structured interviews and using the theme analysis method. In this part, 15 school teachers were selected using the purposive judgmental sampling method. The interviews continued to a level of information saturation (15 people). Using the theme analysis, the components of teachers' competencies were extracted. The reliability of this part was obtained as 0.78 and 0.86 using the re-test reliability and dual encoder reliability respectively. The results of the correlation test showed that there is a significant correlation between the teachers' competencies and the students' entrepreneurship capabilities. Based on the qualitative part in this section, 279 codes and 21 themes were discovered and were categorized into three components of teachers' knowledge, attitudes and values, and skills.