رابطه سلامت رواني با مكانيسم هاي دفاعي دانشجويان دانشگاه آزاد واحد ساوه

The Relationship between Mental Health and Defense Mechanisms of Students in Islamic Azad University of Saveh Branch

اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ رواﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢﻫﺎي دﻓﺎﻋﯽ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي، از ﻧﻈﺮ روش ﮔﺮداوري دادهﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ از ﻧﻮع رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن و از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻮع داده ﮐﻤﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري كليه داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن دوره ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ارﺷﺪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ ﺳﺎوه ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺟﺪول ﻣﻮرﮔﺎن و روش نمونه گيري ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﻃﺒﻘﻪاي 250 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ درﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﮔﺮداوري دادهﻫﺎ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎمه هاي ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢ ﻫﺎي دﻓﺎﻋﯽ ﺣﺴﯿﻨﯽ (1386) و ﺳﻼﻣﺖ روان ﮔﻠﺪﺑﺮگ و ﻫﯿﻠﺮ (1979) ﺑﻮد. ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ اﺑﺰار ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺿﺮﯾﺐ آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ و رواﯾﯽ آن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از رواﯾﯽ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ از روشﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ (آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن) ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار SPSS اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد كه ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﺎ واﭘﺲ راﻧﯽ، ﻓﺮاﻓﮑﻨﯽ، دﻟﯿﻞ ﺗﺮاﺷﯽ، واﮐﻨﺶ واورﻧﻪ، ﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯾﯽ و اﻧﮑﺎر دارد. ﻋﻼ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺪﻧﯽ و ﺟﺒﺮان ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪﺳﺎزي، درون ﻓﮑﻨﯽ، ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ، ﺧﯿﺎﻟﺒﺎﻓﯽ، ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ و ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻪ ﻋﻘﻠﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﻧﯿﺴﺖ. اﺿﻄﺮاب و ﺑﯽ ﺧﻮاﺑﯽ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﺎ واﭘﺲ راﻧﯽ، ﻓﺮاﻓﮑﻨﯽ، دﻟﯿﻞ ﺗﺮاﺷﯽ، واﮐﻨﺶ واروﻧﻪ، ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ، ﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯾﯽ، اﻧﮑﺎر و ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻪ ﻋﻘﻠﯽ دارد. ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ اﺿﻄﺮاب و ﺑﯽ ﺧﻮاﺑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺒﺮان هماﻧﻨﺪﺳﺎزي و واﻻﯾﺶ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار اﺳﺖ؛ اﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ اﺿﻄﺮاب و ﺑﯽ ﺧﻮاﺑﯽ ﺑﺎ درون ﻓﮑﻨﯽ، ﺧﯿﺎﻟﺒﺎﻓﯽ و ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﻧﯿﺴﺖ. ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻧﺎرﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻨﺶ وري اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺎ واﭘﺲ راﻧﯽ، ﻓﺮاﻓﮑﻨﯽ، دﻟﯿﻞ ﺗﺮاﺷﯽ، واﮐﻨﺶ واروﻧﻪ، ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ، اﻧﮑﺎر، ﺗﺒﺪيل و ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻪ ﻋﻘﻠﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻧﺎرﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻨﺶ وري اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺒﺮان، ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪﺳﺎزي، درون ﻓﮑﻨﯽ و واﻻﯾﺶ منفي و ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار اﺳﺖ اﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ آن ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯾﯽ و ﺧﯿﺎﻟﺒﺎﻓﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﻧﯿﺴﺖ. اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﺎ واﭘﺲ راﻧﯽ، ﻓﺮاﻓﮑﻨﯽ، دﻟﯿﻞ ﺗﺮاﺷﯽ، واﮐﻨﺶ واروﻧﻪ، ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ، ﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯾﯽ، اﻧﮑﺎر، ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ و ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻪ ﻋﻘﻠﯽ دارد. ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪﺳﺎزي، ﺟﺒﺮان و واﻻﯾﺶ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ آن ﺑﺎ درون ﻓﮑﻨﯽ و ﺧﯿﺎﻟﺒﺎﻓﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﻧﯿﺴﺖ.

The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between mental health and students’ defense mechanisms. The research method was practical in terms of purpose, and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection type with quantitative data and regression method. The statistical population of the research consisted of all students of bachelor’s and master’s degree in Azad University of Saveh. The data collection tool of the research was Hosseini’s defense mechanism questionnaire (2007) and Goldberg and Hiller’s mental health questionnaire (1979). Reliability of the tools was reviewed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and their validity was reviewed by content validity. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used (Pearson’s correlation test and regression analysis) using SPSS software. The results indicated that physical symptoms had negative and significant correlation with repression, projection, rationalization, reaction formation, displacement, and denial. In addition to this correlation, physical symptoms and compensation had positive and significant correlation. The correlation between physical symptoms with identification, introjection, reversal, imagination, transformation, and rational explanation was not significant. Anxiety and insomnia had a positive and significant correlation with repression, projection, rationalization, reaction formation, displacement, denial, and rational explanation. The correlation of anxiety and insomnia was negative and significant with compensation, identification, and sublimation, but the correlation of anxiety and insomnia was not significant with introjection, imagination, and transformation. The correlation of social malfunction was positive and significant with repression, projection, rationalization, reaction formation, displacement, denial, and rational explanation. The correlation of social malfunction was negative and significant with compensation, identification, introjection, and sublimation, but its correlation with displacement and imagination wasn’t significant. Depression had positive and significant correlation with repression, projection, rationalization, reaction formation, displacement, denial, and rational explanation. The correlation of depression with mechanisms of identification, compensation, and sublimation was negative and significant, but its correlation wasn’t significant with introjection and imagination.