پديد آورندگان :
اكبري افجاني، امير دانشگاه زنجان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم دامي , امانلو، حميد دانشگاه زنجان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم دامي , زالي، ابوالفضل دانشگاه تهران - دانشكده علوم زراعي و دامي - گروه علوم دامي , ميرزايي الموتي، حميدرضا دانشگاه زنجان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم دامي , گنج خانلو، مهدي دانشگاه تهران - دانشكده علوم زراعي و دامي - گروه علوم دامي
كليدواژه :
نيتروژن آمونياكي , فراسنجه شكمبه‌اي , عملكرد , بز شيري , افزايش وزن
چكيده لاتين :
Background and objectives:
Using agricultural and food industry by
-
products can reduce
nutritional cost. Among by
-
products, pomegranate seed pulp (PSP) can be used in an
imal
nutrition. To improve the using of the oil in
pomegranate seed which most of it is long chain
fatty acids, L
-
carnitine can be utilized.
It is effective on long chain fatty acid oxidation
for
increasing milk production efficiency. This study was desig
ned to investigate the effects of PSP
containing
unsaturated fatty acids with L
-
carnitine, on the quantity and quality of milk from
Mahabadi lactating goats as well as their rumen activity.
Materials and methods:
Thirty
-
two
Mahabadi lactating goats with d
ays in milk of 45±6, daily
milk production of 1.05±0.20 kg, the average age of
three
years, 39.8±4.1 kg weight with one
sucker
kid. Goats were
assigned
to
four
groups with
eight
animals per group
. The goats
were
used in a
2
×
2 factorial arrangement with t
wo levels of 0 and 10% PSP and 0 and 300 parts per
millions of L
-
carnitine per kg of dry matter for
six
weeks. The experimental diets
included
:
diet
without PSP and L
-
carnitine
(
control
group)
, diet with 10 percent of PSP without L
-
carnitine
(
PSP
group
)
,
and diet
without PSP but with 300 parts per million per kg of dry matter L
-
carnitin
(
LC
group
)
,
and diet with 10 percent PSP and 300 parts per million per kg DM L
-
carnitine
(
PSP+LC
group
)
, respectively. According to feeding goats individually, goat feed intake
were
recorded daily. Milk production for every goat was measured
two
times per day using a
milking
machine. Sampling from the rumen fluid was done on the last day of the final week of the
experiment just
three
hours after morning feeding with using the eso
phagus tube
connected to
vacuum pump. Data analysis was performed using
SAS 9.1 (2002)
software, and MIXED
procedures.
Results
:
The results of this experiment showed that the addition of PSP and L
-
carnitine to the
diet had no effect on final weight, total
weight, average daily gain and dry matter intake, and t
he
change in conversion factor was
insi
g
nificant
.
Milk production (grams per day) were not
different between treatments, but on the basis of 4
percent
fat corrected milk, fat percentage, fat
content a
nd fat / protein ratio significantly increased by addition of PSP
(
P
<
0.05
), t
he addition
of L
-
carnitine also increased the protein and lactose percentage of milk
(
P
<
0.05
).
pH, protozoa
numbers, concentrations of rumen ammonia nitrogen and total volatile fa
tty acids concentration
was not affected by experimental treatments
(
P
>
0.05
). Also,
PSP and L
-
carnitine did not have
any
significant
effects on molar ratio of the all volatile fatty acids and acetate to propionate
ratio, but
interaction between
PSP and L
-
carnitine
administration
increased acetate molar ratio
and
reduced
the isovaletaye and butyrate molar ratio
(
P
<
0.05). Conclusion
:
The results showed that the
addition of
the PSP and L
-
carnitine to the diet
improve
d
the quality of the goat milk. Although s
imultaneous use of PSP and L
-
carnitine
showed no significant effect on milk production, also interaction of PSP and L
-
carnitine on
rumen activity led to
increase in
acetate production. According to the results, it can be
concluded that PSP can be utilized
in animal nutrition as a cheap by
-
product
to improve
production and composition of
goat milk
and L
-
carnitin also can be used as an effective
supplement on dietary fat and better supply of energy available in
nutrition
of
dairy goat.
