پديد آورندگان :
بيك محمدي، خليل الله دانشگاه محقق‌اردبيلي , رضالو، رضا دانشگاه محقق‌اردبيلي - گروه باستان‌شناسي , افخمي، بهروز دانشگاه محقق‌اردبيلي - گروه باستان‌شناسي , جوانمردزاده، اردشير دانشگاه محقق اردبيلي - گروه باستان شناسي
كليدواژه :
يافته هاي فرهنگي , تپه ي پشت فرودگاه , دشت ملاير , جوامع نيمه يكجانشين , نوسنگي جديد
چكيده فارسي :
دشت‌هاي ميان‌كوهي دامنه‌‌هاي مختلف رشته كوه الوند، و به‌طور اخص -پسكرانه‌هاي دشت ملاير-؛ از مستعدترين مناطق شرق زاگرس‌مركزي‌ست كه همواره مورد توجه جوامع مختلف انساني بوده و از پتانسيل بالايي جهت مكان‌گزيني زيستگاه‌ها و استقرارگاه‌هاي جوامع اوليه برخوردار بوده است. برخلاف ساير نواحي زاگرس‌مركزي كه مطالعات باستان‌شناسي بيشتري در آن صورت‌گرفته، دشت ملاير از اين حيث ناشناخته‌تر است؛ بنابراين، پروژه‌ي كاوش باستان‌شناختي تپه‌ي «پشت فرودگاه»، براي نخستين‌بار با اهداف و ضرورتِ بررسي و آشكار‌سازي تحولات نوسنگي جديد اين حوزه صورت‌پذيرفت. اين تپه، يكي از محوطه‌هاي‌ست كه با نهشته‌هاي ضخيم خاكستر، انواع سفال خشن پوك و منقوش، حجم زياد استخوان‌هاي بزسانان و هم‌چنين تعداد زياد سردوك، استقراري نيمه‌يكجانشين فصلي از نوسنگي جديد را نمايان ساخته است. در پژوهش پيشِ‌رو، ضمن بررسي الگوي معيشت جوامع ساكن در اين محوطه؛ در پي پاسخ به پرسشِ -عللِ حضور فصلي جوامع كوچ‌رو با الگوي معيشت رمه‌داري نوسنگي جديد در دشت ملاير و چگونگي (مبدأ و مقصد) حركت آنان(؟)-، مورد بحث و تحليل قرار خواهد گرفت. (كه) با فرضِ، وجود «راه‌ايل‌ها»، «مراتع غني» و «منابع آبي» دشت ملاير در حوضه‌ي رودخانه‌ي حرم‌رود، در مسير كريدورهاي مناطق هم‌جوار در دشت‌هاي ميان‌كوهي كرمانشاه و لرستان، قابليت طرح مي‌يابد. روش پژوهش، مبتني‌بر روش تاريخي-تحليلي با رويكرد مطالعاتِ ميداني از نتايجِ حاصله‌ي كاوش تپه‌ي پشت فرودگاه و مبتني‌بر نظريات راجع‌به جوامع نيمه‌يكجانشين خواهد بود. نتايج پژوهش از دو منظر قابل بحث هستند؛ نخست، «مراتع و آب غني» كه دشت ملاير از اين منظر مساعد و در نحوه‌ي حضور و گسترش استقرارها اثرگذار بوده است؛ دوم، «راه‌ها» (راه‌ايل‌ها) كه دشت ملاير به‌عنوان كريدور مواصلاتي محوطه‌هاي نوسنگي جديد و جوامع كوچ‌رو در نواحي هم‌جوار خود بوده كه تأثير بسزايي در شكل‌يابي و مكان‌گزيني محوطه‌ها داشته است؛ به‌نحوي كه استقرارهاي نوسنگي جديد دشت ملاير در حوضه‌ي رودخانه‌ي حرم‌رود و راه‌هاي ارتباطي به‌صورت خطي و خوشه‌اي شكل‌گرفته‌اند، كه چنين كُنش و رويكردي برگرفته از رفتارهاي محيطيِ جوامعِ نيمه‌يكجانشين بوده است.
چكيده لاتين :
Of The mountainous plain of the Alvand mountain range are typically the Malayer plain cloth of the most susceptible areas of the central Zagros region which has always been of interest to various human communities and has a high potential locating habitats and settlements in the early societies. Unlike other areas of the central Zagros, where more archeological studies are carried out, the Malayer plain is more unknown in this regard; so, the archaeological excavation project ‘’Poshteh-Forodgah” Tepe, for the first time aimed to investigate and reveal the Late Neolithic developments of this areas were carried out. The site, one of the areas that has thick ashy deposits, coarse painted pottery and large amount of bones have reveal a seasonal settlement of the Late Neolithic season. Here, while studying the living pattern of communities of this area; following the answer to the question of the causes of the current presence of the nomadic communities with the Late Neolithic herding subsistence in Malayer plain and how (their origin and destination) they move? -have discussed and analyzed. Assuming the existence of ‘’Roadside’’, ‘’Rich Meadows’’ and ‘’Water Resources’’ of Malayer plain in the watershed of the Haram rood, in the adjacent regions of the plains between Kermanshah and Lurestan, is possible. Research method is based on the historical – analytical method, with the field study approach, the results of the exploration of the Poshteh-Forodgah Tepe is based on the ideas of pastoral communities. The results of the research are from two perspectives: first, ‘’range land and water’’ which the Malayer plain was beneficial in terms of the presence of expansion of settlements; second, the ‘’roads’’ (roads teads) which the Malayer plain has had as Late Neolithic sites and communities in its neighboring areas, which has had a significant impact on the shaping and location of the sites; so that, the Late Neolithic settlements of Malayer plain in the river and communication paths are formed linear and clustery; this approach was taken from the environmental behaviors of single-person communities. Due to the lack of archaeological evidence from the exploration province and the Malayer plain from the Neolithic period, it seems that exploring the site seems to provide a more comprehensive perspective on how is the cultural, social, economic changes, and exchanges and the growth and spread the cultures of the Neolithic period has illuminated the southern slopes of the Alvand mountains on the eastern coast of the eastern Central Zagros; because the type behind the Poshteh-Forodgah in the west of Malayer plain, as a point connecting the northern and southern regions, in the Samen valley, passing by the mount Alamdar, the Nahavand corridor to Boraujerd, and then passing through the plain of the Nileh-e-Nahavand in the north, Gamasin river from the Pirouzan and its neighbor to the historical monument to Kermanshah. It should also be noted that the watershed basin of the shrine river and then the Gamasiab basin played a significant role in the movement and migration of the tribes and the cultural disturbances of the eastern part of the Central Zagros during the late Neolithic period which are mainly related to the nomadic way of life; because at least, archaeological studies have been carried out in the types of Goran, se Gabi, Sarab, Qala-Gap, Siahbid, Chogamaran, Ravahul and Deh-Haji, as well as the type behind the Poshteh-Forodgah have somewhat proven this point. It can be assumed that during the late Neolithic period of this cultural region (Central Zagros) there has been a change in the type of formation of its own settlement patterns, so that its societies are looking for intact pastures, a new type of life and subsistence strategy have taken the most adaptation to life based on nomadism and animal husbandry.
