فراتحليلي بر اثربخشي مداخله در حوزه حافظه فعال

Meta-Analysis of Working Memory Training and its Generalization Effect

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي نظام‌ دار و فراتحليل مطالعات انجام شده در خصوص تاثير تمرين بر افزايش ظرفيت حافظه فعال و ارتقاء مهارت‌ هاي تحصيلي كودكان انجام شده است. پايگاه‌ ها و منابع اطلاعاتي مختلف جستجو، و مقالات چاپ شده در حيطه آموزش حافظه فعال شناسايي شد. كيفيت مقاله ‌ها بررسي، و فقط پژوهش ‌هاي تجربي و شبه تجربي داراي گروه كنترل از سال 2000 وارد تحليل شدند. تحليل داده‌ هاي 35 مقاله بيانگر اندازه اثر متوسط (d=0/65) ] فاصله اطمينان 0/95 درصدي، حد پايين 0/52- حد بالا 0/77[ براي اثربخشي آموزش حافظه فعال بر ظرفيت اين حافظه است. تعميم اين آموزش بر مهارت‌ هاي تحصيلي با اندازه اثر (0/25 =d) ] دامنه اطمينان 0/95 درصدي، حد بالا 0/42 - حد پايين 0/07 [ در سطح پايين قرار دارد. آموزش حافظه فعال تكنيك آموزشي موثري براي افزايش توانمندي حافظه فعال افراد است، ولي اثر انتقال اين توانايي با آموزش مستقيم حافظه فعال به مهارت ‌هاي تحصيلي پايين مي ‌باشد

The current review examines the effectiveness of working memory training and its transfer effects on educational skills. The role of some effective factors in working memory training has been explained. Variety of data sources were searched and articles of working memory training published after 2000 were identified. Researches that utilized experimental or quasiexperimental lesigns and had a treated group or a control group were included in the article. Reviewing the findings of 35 articles indicated that working memory training has moderate effects on working memory capacity with an effect size d=0.65 (95 % CI 0.52–0.77). Generalization of working memory training to educational skills with an effect size d=0.25 (95 % CI 0.07–0.42) was in low level. Working memory training as an educational and treatment techniques seems to be effective in increasing individual’s working memory skills but shows low generalization effect to other educational skills. The lack of studies on transfer effects of working memory training limits conclusion in this area. Further research is needed to determine how effective this training will be in transferring to other domains.