پديد آورندگان :
علوي، علي دانشگاه تربيت مدرس - دانشكدة علوم انساني - گروه جغرافيا , فخيم جو، سارا دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد تهران مركزي , پرهيزكار، اكبر دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد تهران مركزي
كليدواژه :
فضاي شهري , شهر تهران , سفرهاي درون‌شهري , دفاتر خدمات الكترونيك , تردد
چكيده فارسي :
در عصر حاضر فناوري اطلاعات و ارتباطات به‌صورت نيرويي فراگير بر ابعاد مختلف زندگي انسان‌ها تأثير گذاشته است و يكي از جلوه‌هاي اصلي فناوري نوين طراحي و استقرار دولت الكترونيكي به‌شمار مي‌آيد، دولت الكترونيك نيز از نظر ساختاري و ماهيتي، پديده‌اي مدرن محسوب مي‌شود و براساس تعامل متقابل ميان دولت با شهروندان برپا شده است. اين پژوهش در دو بخش توصيفي و تحليلي انجام شده كه در بخش توصيفي، داده‌هاي تحقيق با روش‌هاي اسنادي و كتابخانه‌اي و برداشت‌هاي ميداني با استفاده از پرسشنامه گردآوري شده است. در بخش تحليلي نيز ابتدا جامعة هدف، يعني شهروندان منطقة 5 تهران و دفاتر خدمات الكترونيك تعيين شده‌اند سپس حجم نمونه برطبق آزمون كوكران تعيين و داده‌هاي استخراج‌شده براساس فنون آماري تجزيه‌وتحليل شده است. نتايج پژوهش نشان مي‌دهد براساس آزمون t تك‌نمونه‌اي، مقدار آمارة t با 3/82 برابر است كه در سطح (0/000 sig) 95 درصد اطمينان معنا‌دار تأييد شده است، همچنين از ضريب همبستگي پيرسون، 0/464- در سطح (0/00 sig) 99 درصد (0/01>P) رابطه‌اي منفي و معنا‌دار بين دو متغير مشاهده مي‌شود؛ يعني با ارائة خدمات دولت الكترونيك و افزايش آن، ترددهاي شهري به‌طور معنا‌داري كاهش پيدا كرده است كه برطبق نتايج، نقش دفاتر خدمات الكترونيك را در كاهش سفرهاي درون‌شهري تبيين مي‌كند، همچنين با توجه به مقدار t كه برابر با 17/89 در سطح معنا‌داري 0/000 sig به‌دست آمده، مي‌توان گفت اين دفاتر نقش مؤثري در رفع مشكلات و ارائة خدمات‌رساني بهتر و آسان‌تر در محدودة مورد مطالعه دارند.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
In the present age, information and communication technology as a pervasive force has affected various aspects of the human life. One of the main effects of the new technology was design and deployment of e-government. Both structurally and in terms of nature, e-government is a modern phenomenon that has been established on the basis of mutual interaction between government and citizens.
Regarding economic restructuring and reducing the government's role in providing a free service to the citizens on one hand, increasing the cost of urban life and the diversity of needs, on the other hand, will make the need to find a fast, low-cost, direct and indirect solution and reduce costly trips emergency. With the development of cities and metropolitan and its congestion and population density, urban travel demand takes a broader scale. The reason of high travel demand is additional traffic to benefit from various urban services. Hence, in Tehran, in 5th region, after leaving behind irregular migration, low rates of urban land caused population density in the area, has very limited physical growth, then changes in internal body of the regions and localities is the only way to attract the population.
Therefore, the need for appropriate and accessible services and information to citizens without wasting and unnecessary time and costs due to urban traffic increases that nowadays, this goal cannot be found except the use of ICT tools.
Hence, this research aimed at e-service offices formation in reducing trips and expression of positive effects in urban management. Accordingly, the research question is:
What is the impact of e-service offices in reducing urban journeys as well as provision of the easier and faster servicing in the study area?
Methodology
This study is conducted both in descriptive and analytical sections, in the descriptive section, desk and documental methods as well as field work were used and required data were collected using a questionnaire. In the analytical section, the target population, the citizens of District 5 of Tehran and electronic service offices were determined, and then the sample size was determined based on Cochran test and extracted data were analyzed by statistical techniques.
Results and Discussion
Descriptive results represents that most widely used vehicle type to access E-government services offices was used by clients was personal vehicle (more than 56 percent of respondents). Buses and subways had the lowest portion for access to E-government services offices.
The question referred to the distance from the residence and workplace to Electronic Service offices shows that more tha 30 percent of residence and 43 percent of workplaces distance to E-government service offices was more than 1000 meter. Also between 8 to 10 in morning was preferred time of most of people for goin to E-government services offices. Most of people had medium acquaintance to electronic services but knowing about electronic services web sites is low.
The first step of analytical method is to answer the first question, “What is the impact of e-service offices in reducing urban journeys in the study area? "Single-sample t test was used. The results show that the t-statistic is equal to 3.82, which is significant at 95% confidence.
Thus it can be said that e-government services have also declined in urban traffic. Pearson findings show that there was a significant negative relationship between the use of e-government services and urban traffic in 99% level (p
