تحليلي بر ناكارامدي نظام مديريت بحران در دگرگوني فضايي مناسب نواحي روستايي مورد مطالعه: شهرستان اروميه

An Analysis of Inefficiency of the disaster Management System on Suitable Spatial Transformation of Rural Areas Case study: Urmia County

سكونتگاههاي روستايي به مثابه نظام هاي مكاني– فضايي در معرض پويايي ودگرگوني مداوم قرار دارند.آشكار است كه در اين تحولات، مجموعه عوامل و نيروهاي متفاوت ومتنوعي نقش آفرين هستند اما بيشتر اين عوامل به نوعي متاثر ازنظام مديريتي است كه در فضاهاي روستايي نقش آفريني مي كند. اين نظام، با توجه به الگوهاي مختلف، داراي اثر گذاري متفاوتي بر نظام هاي فضايي است. براين اساس، تحقيق حاضر به دنبال بررسي دگرگوني فضايي سكونتگاههاي روستايي شهرستان اروميه مبتني بر نقش مديريت بحران است. قلمرو جغرافيايي مورد مطالعه، شهرستان اروميه است كه در غرب درياچه اروميه قرار دارد. اين تحقيق به لحاظ هدف كاربردي و بر اساس روش، توصيفي – تحليلي است. جامعه آماري مورد مطالعه، 70 نفر از خبرگان دستگاههاي مرتبط با مديريت بحران شهرستان اروميه مي باشند كه با روش تعيين حجم نمونه با جامعه نا معلوم با روش نمونه گيري هدفمند انتخاب شده اند. براي جمع آوري داده ها واطلاعات از روش كتابخانه اي و ميداني، از فن پرسشگري و ابزار پرسشنامه استفاده شده است. در تجزيه و تحليل داده ها از آزمون هاي كلموگروف اسميرنوف، دوربين واتسون، رگرسيون، تحليل مسير و همبستگي پيرسون در نرم افزار SPSS بهره گيري شده است. مبتني بر يافته هاي پژوهش، اين نتيجه حاصل شده است كه روستاهاي تحت تاثير اقدام نظام مديريت بحران در مواجهه با مخاطره خشكيدن درياچه اروميه با دگرگوني هاي نامناسبي در ابعاد زيست محيطي، اجتماعي، اقتصادي، كالبدي روبرو شدند. اين دگرگوني‍‍ها، متاثراز سازوكار نظامي است كه در آن بعلت دولتي بودن، تمركز گرايي و بخشي نگري؛ پاسخگويي، مشروعيت، نقش پذيري كارآمد، عدالت محوري وجهت گيري برنامه اي در آن تضعيف شده است. در اين ميان، ضعف مشروعيت و ضعف در نقش پذيري كارآمد از اهميت بالاتري برخوردار هستند. با تعمق در ماهيت عوامل و روابط مستقيم و غير مستقيم آنها اين نكته كليدي مشخص شده است كه نقش پذيري ضعيف روستاييان و نگاه ابزاري به مشاركت آنها در مديريت بحران، عامل كليدي بروز تحولات فضايي نامناسب در روستاهاي مورد مطالعه است.

Human settlements as local -spatial systems are subject to continuous dynamism and transformation. In the meantime، rural settlements including; in Iran، as the most important establishment of population and activity، are exposed to the deepest environmental، ecological، social، economic and cultural changes. It is evident that in these developments، a variety of different and different forms of internal and external interactions Are creative However، most of these factors are somehow influenced by the management system that plays a role in the rural areas. This system، having different patterns، has a different effect on spatial systems. The issue of drought has recently been the major concern all over the country and particularly in Urmia Basin. This is considered as a key factor in Urmia Lake crisis. Urmia's rural settlements are also affected by the management factor in a variety of spatial dimensions. The crisis of the dramatic decrease in Urmia Lake water and its management (decisions making) has posed a serious challenge to rural areas. This article to pursue to base management as a foreign factor on the basis of a good governance approach to the analysis and analysis of the role It focuses on the transformation of rural settlements in Urmia. This research is applied in terms of its purpose and based on descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the study was the experts in the institutions related to the county crisis management. Experts from sample target communities were 70 people who were identified by a sample size determination method with an unknown community. A sample sampling method was used to select the samples. Data and information was collected using library and information technology. The questionnaire was used to assess the role of the management system in the framework of the components of a good governance approach and Referring to related research backgrounds، they were identified. To measure the normal distribution of data and appropriate regression selection، Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Dorbin Watson's tests were used. Also، for measuring the direct and indirect effects and the correlation between the components، Pearson's path analysis and Pearson correlation tests were used in SPSS software. The findings of the research shows that the villages affected by the disaster management system in facing the risk of drying the Lake Urmia have encountered inappropriate environmental، social، economic and physical changes. These changes are influenced by the military mechanism that It is not due to being state-owned، focused، and open-minded; they are not accountable، legitimate، and efficient. In the meantime، the weakness of the legitimacy of failure in effective performance has had a direct impact on the disaster management inefficiency. Of course، other components such as weakness of pivotal justice، weakness of accountability، weakness of orientation affect the components of the weakness of legitimacy and weakness of the role Effectiveness has doubled disaster management inefficiencies. The assessment of the disaster management system of Lake Urmia، based on the governance framework، indicates that the management system has not been efficient. This ineffectiveness، however، is heavily influenced by the weakness of legitimacy. But، indirectly influenced by other factors، including weakness of orientation، weakness of justice، and weakness of accountability. The important thing in this regard is the impact of the indirect factors on the legitimacy factor. By considering the nature of their direct and indirect factors، it is clear that the weak role of the villagers and the means to participate in disaster management، the cause of all problems In the countryside. Restoring Lake Urmia without paying attention to the villagers living around the Lake Urmia will be difficult. Therefore، giving villagers the role of the main beneficiaries of Lake Urmia Basin can help restore Lake Urmia.infact،Communities are the first responders in case of a disaster. Therefore، community-based disaster risk management should be the core of any risk reduction approach. community based Disaster risk management focuses more on community participation and reducing underlying risk، encouraging preventive action before a disaster. and focuses on participation on design، decision and performance for better management of disasters.