بررسي قاعده فقهي» لا طاعهَ لِمَخلوقٍ في مَعصيَهِ الخالق »

”The study of the Jurisprudential Rule of “No Obedience of a Creature is Permissible as Long as the Creator is being Disobeyed

با وجود جايگاه ويژه ­ي قواعد فقهي در تفريع و تطبيق احكام فقهي؛ هنوز قواعدي هستند كه استخراج و اصطياد نشده­ و يا در ميان فقها به عنوان يك قاعده ­ي فقهي شهرت نيافته­ اند كه يكي از آن­ها قاعده «لا طاعهَ لِمَخلوقٍ في مَعصيَهِ الخالِقِ» است. بر اساس اين قاعده، اطاعت از افراد، زماني كه منجر به معصيت خداوند گردد، حرام است و اطاعت الهي نيز با انجام حرام محقّق نمي­شود. نظر به اهميت موضوع از يك سو و عدم رواج و شيوع اصطلاح «قاعده» براي آن از ديگر سو، مي­ طلبيد در راستاي تأييد و تثبيت اين قاعده، تحقيقي درخور صورت پذيرد. در اين پژوهش كه به روش توصيفي تحليلي و با جستجوي وسيع در روايات و فتاواي فقهاي عظام انجام گرفته، ضمن بررسي و تبيين برداشت­ هاي مختلف از روايت «لا طاعهَ لِمَخلوقٍ في مَعصيَهِ الخالِقِ» و تطبيق مصاديق مختلف فقهي آن در كلام فقها، قاعده­ ي مذكور اثبات شده است.

Despite the special status of legal rules in implementation of Islamic jurisprudence, there are still rules that have not been extracted yet, or have not been known as a judicial principle among jurists, one of which is the rule “No obedience of a creature is permissible as long as the Creator is being disobeyed”. Based on this rule, obeying people is unlawful when it leads to God’s disobedience and obedience to God cannot be achieved by unlawful act. Considering the importance of the issue on the one hand and the lack of prevalence of the so-called “rule” for it on the other, it requires proper research to affirm and consolidate the rule. In this study, which was conducted through a descriptive-analytical method and a massive search among narrations and fatwas of the great jurists, in addition to the investigating and explaining of different takes on this narration, “No obedience of a creature is permissible as long as the Creator is being disobeyed” and adaptation of its various legal referents in the words of the jurisprudents, it has been proved as a rule.