پديد آورندگان :
رضايي، محمدرضا دانشگاه يزد - گروه جغرافيا و برنامهريزي شهري , قائد رحمتي، صفر دانشگاه تربيت مدرس - گروه جغرافيا و برنامهريزي شهري , حسيني، مصطفي دانشگاه يزد
كليدواژه :
GIS fuzzy , مكانيابي , مراكز امدادرساني , فرايند تحليل شبكهاي , شهر يزد
چكيده فارسي :
تعيين مكانهاي مناسب براي استقرار مراكز امدادرساني هنگام وقوع بحران‌ها، يكي از برنامهريزي‌هاي كوتاه مدتي است كه به منظور مديريت بحران انجام مي‌گيرد. اهداف اين پژوهش، ارائۀ الگويي مناسب و كاربردي براي مكانيابي مراكز امدادرساني در شهر يزد و انتخاب مكانهاي مناسب، به منظور احداث مراكز امدادرساني به هنگام وقوع بحران‌ها در شهر يزد هستند. اين پژوهش به لحاظ هدف كاربردي بوده و روش بررسي آن توصيفي ـ تحليلي و اسنادي است. براي اين كار نخست با استفاده از روش دلفي شانزده معيار اصلي و مؤثر در مكانيابي اين مراكز، در چارچوب شش خوشه شناسايي شدند. سپس با بهره گيري از نظرات كارشناسان و فرايند تحليل شبكه اي، وزن نهايي هر يك از معيارها تعيين شد. پس از آن با آمادهسازي و تلفيق لايه هاي مربوط به هر معيار با وزن آن معيار در فرايند تحليل شبكه اي و استفاده از عملگرهاي اجتماع فازي و اشتراك فازي، مكانهاي مناسب براي مراكز امدادرساني در شهر يزد مشخص شدند. نتايج پژوهش نشان مي‌دهد كه چگونه مي‌توان روش‌هاي تصميم گيري چندمعياره را با سيستم اطلاعات جغرافيايي و منطق فازي بر اساس نظر كارشناسان و متخصصان براي مكانيابي مراكز امدادرساني تلفيق كرد. از اين رو، الگوي ارائهشده در اين پژوهش مي‌تواند در مكانيابي ساير كاربري‌هاي شهري، بهويژه مراكز امدادرسانيِ شهرهاي مختلف، مورد استفاده قرار گيرد. بهدليل قرارگيري مساحت بزرگي از بافت فرسودۀ يزد در بخش مركزي و نواحي اطراف آن، پيشنهاد مي‌شود با وجود تمركز مكانهاي تعيين شده در اين محدوده، تصميماتي جامع و كاربردي براي نوسازي و بهسازي بافت‌هاي فرسودۀ اين شهر انجام گيرد تا ضمن كاهش خسارتهاي ناشي از بحران‌ها، از فشارهاي جمعيتي به اين مراكز در زمان بحران‌ها كاسته شود.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Planning for crisis management, especially urban crisis must be analyzed and reviewed by
qualified methods. This discussion is interested in some sciences such as urban planning,
environmental science, and crisis management. This topic is very important, because it is related
to life and property of people. Basically, researches can play important role in decrease of manmade
and environmental hazards. A disaster is a perceived tragedy, being either a natural
calamity or man-made catastrophe. It is a hazard which has come to fruition. A hazard, in turn,
is a situation that poses a level of threat to life, health, property, or that may deleteriously affect
society or the environment. Various disasters like earthquake are natural hazards that kill
thousands of people and destroy billions of dollars of habitat and property each year. The rapid
growth of the Yazd population and its increased concentration often in hazardous areas has
escalated both the frequency and the severity of natural disasters. Therefore, in order to be
prepared for crisis and emergency management, and the primary safety rescue executions during
disasters, it is essential to locate properly the centers of rescue and crisis management such as
fire stations.
Methodology
The type of this paper is applied and methods are descriptive- analytic. In this paper, using a
documentary study, documents and papers related to crisis management concepts are performed.
In the next step, the Delphi method has been used and the parameters effective in positioning of
rescue centers have been identified. The questionnaire was distributed in the form of data entry
method. The questionnaires have been prepared and distributed among experts to weight them
according to the measures of pair wise comparisons of criteria. The final values from the pair
wise comparisons have been made by the experts, and the results of the Super Decisions matrix
and computing environment requirements have been imposed. Finally, layers are classified
based on the values in GIS and then multiplied by the weight of the criteria. The proper sites for
rescue centers have been identified on the final map.
Results and Discussion
In this study, the effective criteria in site selection of rescue centers are identified. A comparison
was performed between the criteria. For formation matrix, the weight of each criterion has been
calculated. The matrix has been prepared for each criterion in the GIS environment. Finally, the
weight of each criterion layer has been used with common fuzzy operators and fuzzy locations
for community rescue centers in the city. This systematic review and application criteria in this
research can be used to locate rescue centers in other cities. The model presented in this study
due to its ability to execute and their integration with GIS and multi-criteria decision methods,
and fuzzy logic can be for site selection in other urban areas.
Conclusion
The results show that for site selection of rescue centers, some methods such as multi-criteria
desition making and geographic information system (GIS) must be mixed. Based on the pattern
presented in this paper, it can be used for site selection of urban land uses, spatially for site
selection of rescue centers. With centralization of old texture in center of Yazd city, this paper
must be beneficiary for equal distribution of rescue centers.
