منصب قاضي در ايالات عصر سلجوقي

The Position of Judge (Qazi) in Provinces of Seljuq Era

منصب قاضي، از جمله مناصب مهم ايالتي عصر سلجوقي است كه بنا به فرمان سلطان؛ با توجه به شايستگي هاي فردي و عمومي معمولاً از بين علما انتخاب مي شده است. مهم ترين وظيفه ي اين قاضيان به مانند تمامي ادوار تاريخ ايران، رسيدگي به امور قضايي، شرعي و برگزاري دادگاه ها بود. تحولات سياسي، اقتصادي و اداري عصر سلجوقي و گسترش ارضي آن، موجبات تحول در نقش قاضيان اين دوره را فراهم نمود. اين دگرگوني ها منجر به توسعه ي نقش سياسي قاضيان و دخالت آن ها در امور مختلف اداري ـ سياسي و بعضا اقتصادي گرديد. به طوري كه تحول و توسعه ي نقش قاضيان، بيش از همه ي ادوار در دوره ي سلجوقي رخ نمود. پژوهش حاضر به بررسي اين تحول و توسعه، با توجه به تكاليف و تاثيرات سياسي قاضيان عصر سلجوقي، با تكيه به منابع و فرامين در باب قاضي مي پردازد.

The position of Judge (Qazi) is amongst the important provincial positions of Seljuq era which was mainly appointed amongst the Ulama, according to the order of Sultan considering their personal and general aptitude. The most important duty of these judges, as it has been in all historical period of Iran, was to attend the judicial and canonical affairs and holding the courts. Political, economic and administrative changes during Seljuq period and the deployment of territory had changed the role of judge in that era. This research will study this change and development, considering the duties and political effects of judges in Seljuq era according to the resources and orders related to the judge. These changes led to the development of political role of judges and their interfering in various administrative – political and somehow economic affairs. On the other word, the most alteration and development of judges’ role was during the Seljuq period.