بررسي اهميت، فراواني و پراكنش رنگ قرمز در ارسي هاي خانه هاي تاريخي ايران مورد پژوهي: 22 تاج ارسي هاي خانه هاي قاجاري تبريز

An Investigation into the Importance, Abundance and Distribution of Red Color in Stained Glass Windows of Historical Houses in Iran Case Study: 22 Examples of Stained Glass Windows Circle heads (Crowns) in Houses built during Qajar Dynasty in Tabriz

اُرُسي ها ازجمله عناصري هستند كه از جنبه هاي تزئيني بالايي در خانه هاي سنتي ايران برخوردار مي باشند. هدف تحقيق، رمز گشايي از دانش و مهارت رنگ شناسي استادكاران آرايه هاي معماري (اُرُسي) از طريق پايش فراواني و پراكنش رنگ قرمز در 22 تاج اُرُسي خانه هاي قاجاري تبريز است. سوال اصلي اين است كه فراواني و پراكنش رنگ قرمز در اُرُسي خانه هاي قاجاري تبريز چگونه است؟ براي رسيدن به پاسخ اين سوال عكس هايي به صورت ميداني از 22 تاج اُرُسي خانه هاي قاجاري تبريز، تهيه گرديد و سپس با استفاده از نرم افزارهاي اتوكد و فتوشاپ، رنگ ها و تناسبات اُرُسي ها مورد بررسي قرار گرفت. شيوه ي تحقيق اتخاذشده، به صورت روش توصيفي- تحليلي هست. يافته هاي تحقيق نشان مي دهد كه رنگ قرمز، در رقابت براي حضور در سطح نور گذر تاج، نسبت به ساير رنگ ها مانند آبي، سبز، نارنجي و زرد، در رتبه ي اول قرارگرفته است. همچنين در بررسي جايگاه و اهميت رنگ قرمز، مشخص شد اين رنگ با 86/2%، از بيشترين فراواني حضور، در كانون تاج اُرُسي برخوردار است. نتايج به دست آمده حاكي از آن است كه استقرار رنگ ها در سطوح نور گذر ارسي ها، تصادفي نيست و از نظمي پنهان و رازآلود برخوردار است؛ نظمي كه باعث ايجاد نوعي از زيبايي جهان شمول و بي زمان بر نحوه ي چينش شيشه هاي رنگي در ارسي ها مي شود.

Stained glass windows are among the elements that have high decorative aspects in Iranian traditional homes. One of the ways to increase the lifetime of welcoming an artwork is breathe and live in the atmosphere of the traditions that have been prominent in the test of time. The main purpose of the present study is decoding the knowledge and skill of the architects of the architectural arrays through the monitoring of the frequency and distribution of color، especially the red color in the stained glass windows. The statistical population of the present study is 121 existing stained glass windows of the city of Tabriz that include all the ones used in different locations and historical periods. In order to limit the study، the Qajar period and residential use were the primary criteria for screening the statistical society. Regarding the purpose of the article، the crown pattern، which has the ability to calibrate and overlap، was used to discover the type of distribution. After determining the purpose، introducing the theoretical background and the experimental data (recognition of components and elements) on sash wood، the method and framework of the research، sample size، analytical method، findings and conclusions، while referring to the different colors used in stained glass windows، the present research tried to study the order، position، abundance and distribution of red color compared to other colors used in stained glass windows in Qajar houses in Tabriz and attempted to answer some questions such as: - Which color used in the stained glass windows has the highest percentage of presence? - Compared to the other colors، how is red color positioned in stained glass windows of Qajar architecture? To answer these questions، photographs were taken from a sample of 22 crown head of stained glass windows in Qajar houses in Tabriz، and then، using the AutoCAD and Photoshop software، the colors and proportions of the windows were examined. The research methodology was descriptive-analytic. The theoretical foundations of this research were based on library information and the collection of written documents in the field of color and stained glass windows. According to our results، compared to other colors (such as blue، green، orange and yellow) the color red، ranked the highest in terms of presence in the window crown light-passing surface (i.e.، the visible transmittance surface). In terms of importance، color red also won the race with an abundance equal to 86.2%. Comparison of color distribution patterns across the Stained glass window crowns revealed that color red had a particularly regular and rhythmic distribution. Considering these results، we concluded that deployment of colors in the arrangement of Stained glass window transmittance area was not random، but was based on a hidden proportional order. Furthermore، it was found that the masters in an intuitive or attainted way were aware of the red color and have utilized hidden principles in using it. They knew how to use it so that it would look attractive and appealing while avoiding its excessive use.