كاركرد نمادهاي سنتي در شعر متوكل طه

The Function of Traditional Symbols in Motavakkel Taha's Poem

نمادگرايي معاصر عربي، پس از پيدايش مكتب سمبوليسم در فرانسه هويدا شد. شاعران و نويسندگان عرب زبان ضمن استقبال از اين مكتب و بكار بستن نمادهاي مختلف در آثار ادبي، اين تعبير هاي غير مستقيم را براي بيان انديشه ­هاي خود مورد استفاده قرار دادند تا شايد بتوانند با كاربرد اين نمادها تصوير روشني از دغدغه­ هاي انسان معاصر را به خوانندگان عرضه كنند. متوكل طه شاعر نامدار فلسطيني از­جمله شاعران عصر حاضر است كه در اشعار خود به­صورت رمزگونه و غير مستقيم به مشكلات مردم فلسطين، اشاره نموده است. جستار حاضر بر آن است تا با تبيين هويت سنت­ هاي شعري و كاركردهاي آن در شعر متوكل طه و تأثير نمادهاي سنتي در ساختار قصايد وي جهت­ گيري­ هاي فكري شاعر را از طريق تحليل اشعار نمادين او نشان دهد و در اين راستا با روش تحليلي - توصيفي به تتبع در ديوان متوكل طه پرداخته تا با تحليل مضامين نمادين آن، پيوند اين سمبل ها را با تجربيات دروني اين شاعر فلسطيني و همچنين ميزان مطابقت اين رمزها را با اهداف مدنظر وي بررسي نمايد. يافته ­هاي اين پژوهش نشان مي­دهد كه نمادهاي سنتي به كار گرفته شده در ديوان اشعار متوكل طه، در واقع بيانگر تجربيات دروني شاعر از دغدغه ­هاي هم­وطنان خويش است و نمادهاي شعري او توانسته ضمن تأمين وجوه زيبا­شناختي، در كنش هاي انساني و اجتماعي نسبت به كشور فلسطين نيز مؤثر واقع شود.

The application of symbol in modern Arabic poetry is far-ranging since Arabic poetry is deplete with symbolic expressions and modern contemporary Arab poets employs these indirect expressions to state their own thoughts. Making use of such symbols, Arab poets present a vivid image of contemporary human concerns. Palestine and its problems are central subjects symbolically reflected in contemporary Arab poets. Implicitly and symbolically, the poems of such poets refer to the past and present problems of Palestine. However, it is not an easy job to investigate the symbols employed in poems concerning Palestine. It is because the application of such symbols is so cleverly done that there is no clear reference to Palestine and the involved parties. The prevailing conditions in Palestine has caused Motavakel Taha, contemporary Palestinian poet, to inform his nation through his anti-cruelty poems. He has tried to make the problems of his nation and his bitter personal experiences more tangible to his readers. This famous and contemporary Palestinian poet through traditional symbols in his poetry cryptically and indirectly refers to the present-day problems of Palestine, originated from the past imprudence of Arabs. The present research attempts, based on an analytical-descriptive method, to study the collection of Motavakel Taha’s poetry through focusing on symbolic themes and to show the degree to which traditional symbols have influenced the structure of his odes. This study also exposes the link between such symbols and his personal subjective experiences and it is discussed how much they are conformed to the poets intended objectives. It is argued that poetic symbols have been managed not only to promote the aesthetic aspect of his poems but also they have been successful in bringing about human and social actions for Palestine.