تداخل جنايات موجب قصاص در فقه مذاهب اسلامي

Co-occurrence of Crimes Causing Nemesis in Jurisprudence of Islamic Schools of Thought

از جمله مسائلي كه در قصاص اعضاء و نفس مطرح مي‌­شود، موضوع تعدد و تداخل حق قصاص است. در مواردي كه جاني با ايراد ضربه واحد باعث جرح يا قطع و سپس مرگ مجني­‌عليه مي‌­شود، قصاص طرف در نفس تداخل كرده و بنابر نظر فقهاي اماميه جاني فقط به قصاص نفس محكوم مي‌گردد. در صورتي كه جاني ضربات متعدد را به­‌طور متوالي و با فاصله كم وارد نمايد نيز قصاص طرف در نفس تداخل مي­‌كند. در مواردي كه ضربات متعدد با فاصله زماني وارد شود، قصاص طرف در نفس تداخل نكرده و هر جنايتي قصاص خود را دارد. وجود بهبودي و عدم آن ميان ضربات، مورد بحث فقهاي اماميه و اهل­‌سنت واقع شده و سه ديدگاه مبني بر تداخل، عدم تداخل و تفصيل ميان ضربات متوالي و متفرق به­‌وجود آمده است. در صورت ايراد جنايات متعدد به اطراف كه منتهي به موت نشود، نظريه عدم تداخل قصاص اطراف و ثبوت چند حق قصاص قابل پذيرش است.

Among the issues considered about nemesis (Qisas) is the issue of co-occurrence of crimes causing nemesis and the right for Qisas. In cases that the criminal just makes a single injury on a person and that single injury leads to the death of that person, the nemesis of organs co-occurs with the nemesis of life. Based on the viewpoints of the jurisprudents of Imamiyyah, here the criminal will be condemned to death penalty. If the criminal makes several injuries on a person and those injuries leads to the death of that person, the nemesis of organs co-occurs with the nemesis of life. Based on the viewpoints of the jurisprudents of Imamiyyah, in this situation, the criminal will also be condemned to death penalty. In cases that several injuries are imposed to a person with a difference in time, the nemesis of organs does not co-occur with the nemesis of life and each injury; and the murder itself should have their own punishments. The importance of recovery of injuries has been the issue of discussions among Shiite and Sunnite jurisprudents. Three viewpoints have been presented based on co-occurrence and non-co-occurrence and the difference of time between continuous and consecutive injuries. In situations that imposing several injuries does not lead to death, the opinion of non-co-occurrence of injuries to organs and multiple rights for Qisas is acceptable.