بررسي قابليت هاي برخي گونه هاي علفي بومي منطقه گرگان به عنوان گياهان پوششي

Investigation the capability of native herbaceous species of Gorgan as the ground covers

ﭼﻤﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ و ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺑﻮﻣﻲ در ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﻧﻘﺎط ﻛﺮه زﻣﻴﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ زﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرگ و ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﻮا از ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر و ﺳﻤﻮم ﺑﻮده و ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﮔﺮم و ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪن ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و اﺛﺮ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻟﻄﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﻮا و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﻮاع آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺬارﻧﺪ. ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ اوﻟﻴﻪ و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﮔﺮﮔﺎن ﻛﻪ از ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ و ﻳﺎ ﭼﻤﻨﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ، اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺖ. اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﺎزدﻳﺪي از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و از ﻳﻚ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ 20 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي اوﻟﻴﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد 10 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﻠﺪاﻧﻲ در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻤﻦ اﺳﭙﻮرت ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻃﺮح آﻣﺎري اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه از ﻧﻮع ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻳﻞ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﻮد و ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺟﺎري از اواﻳﻞ ﻣﻬﺮ ﺳﺎل 1392 ﺑﺼﻮرت آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﮔﻠﺪاﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪاد 10 ﺑﻮﺗﻪ اوﻟﻴﻪ در ﮔﻠﺪان و ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﻜﺮار ﮔﻠﺪاﻧﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻛﻪ در اوج ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ (15 ﻣﺮداد) و ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ (15 ﺑﻬﻤﻦ) ﻣﻮرد ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻋﺒﺎرت ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ از ﻣﻴﺰان رﺷﺪ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ (ارﺗﻔﺎع)، ﻣﻴﺰان ﺳﺒﺰﻣﺎﻧﻲ و ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ اﻳﺠﺎد ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ (ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ). ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻧﺸﺎن از ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﭼﻤﻦ اﺳﭙﻮرت، ﻳﺎل اﺳﺒﻲ، ﭘﻨﺠﻮل و ﻣﺮغ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ در ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه اﻧﻮاع ﭘﻮآ و اوﻳﺎرﺳﻼم، ﺧﺰه و ﺟﮕﺮ واش ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ رﻧﮓ، ﺧﻮاب و ﻳﺎ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻣﺎﻧﺪن در ﺑﻴﺶ از ﺷﺶ ﻣﺎه از ﺳﺎل، ﺑﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ را ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﭼﻤﻨﻲ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ از ﺧﻮد ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﻳﺎل اﺳﺒﻲ، ﺗﺮﺷﻚ ﺷﺒﺪري، داﻳﻜﻮﻧﺪرا و ﭘﻨﺠﻮل ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﭼﻤﻦﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺳﻮم را دارﻧﺪ.

Lawns and ground covers are considered as main source of beautifulness and filtering air atmosphere form dust and toxins, protecting environment from dryness and warmness. Moreover they are major elements in freshness of the atmosphere and reducing environmental pollution. With above idea, current researches have been taken place to investigate cultivation of some endemic lawns and ground covers as replacement for exotic introducing varieties. From a 20 early introduced endemic species, 10 were selected for pot growing alongside with a well known species from Netherland. A factorial static based on a completely randomized design were used for statistical analysis. Major comparing indexes including growth length, greenery during two hot and cold picks, and plant density. Experiment was conducted in 25cm diameter pot, each containing 10 plants and there were four replications for each species. Results showed that four endemic species are comparable with exotic importing species including Ophiopogon sp, Dichondra sp, Cynodon dactylon and Potentilla reptans. The worsen species including Cyperus rotundus, Sphagnum sp, Poa sp and Marchantia polymorpha. Oxalis sp was categorized as middle group.