تأثير تنش كمبود آب و كود زيستي بر فعاليت برخي آنزيم هاي آنتي اكسيدان و نقش آنها در تغييرات عملكرد جو (Hordeum vulgare)

Relation of water deficit stress and biofertilizer on some of antioxidant enzymes activity and their role on grain yield variation in barley (Hordeum vulgare)

ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻛﻤﻲ ﺟﻮ در واﻛﻨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮد زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ رژﻳﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آﺑﻴﺎري، آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ در ﺳﺎل 1392 در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ واﺣﺪ ﻛﺮج ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻛﺮت ﻫﺎي ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ 4 ﺗﻜﺮار اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. در اﻳﻦ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آﺑﻴﺎري در ﻛﺮت ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 3 ﺳﻄﺢ، آﺑﻴﺎري در 80، 65 و 50 درﺻﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ زراﻋﻲ (آﺑﻴﺎري ﻧﺮﻣﺎل، 35 و50 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ رﻃﻮﺑﺘﻲ) و ﻛﺮت ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻠﻘﻴﺢ ﺑﺬر ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي در 7 ﺳﻄﺢ (آزوﺳﭙﻴﺮﻳﻠﻮم ﻟﻴﭙﻮﻓﺮوم، ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮ ﻛﺮوﻛﻮﻛﻮم، ﺳﻮدوﻣﻮﻧﺎس ﭘﻮﺗﻴﺪا،ﺳﻮدوﻣﻮﻧﺎس × ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮ، ﺳﻮدوﻣﻮﻧﺎس× آزوﺳﭙﻴﺮﻳﻠﻮم و ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮ× آزوﺳﭙﻴﺮﻳﻠﻮم) و ﺷﺎﻫﺪ (ﻋﺪم ﺗﻠﻘﻴﺢ) ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻮد زﻳﺴﺘﻲ اﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ دار ﺑﺮ آﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻫﺎي آﻧﺘﻲ اﻛﺴﻴﺪاﻧﺖ در ﺳﻄﺢ 1 درﺻﺪ داﺷﺖ. در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ، ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ آﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻫﺎي آﻧﺘﻲ اﻛﺴﻴﺪاﻧﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻛﻮدﻫﺎي زﻳﺴﺘﻲ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﻛﻪ آزوﺳﭙﻴﺮﻳﻠﻮم ﻟﻴﭙﻮﻓﺮوم ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ 16/7 و 21/4 و ﺳﻮدوﻣﻮﻧﺎس× آزوﺳﭙﻴﺮﻳﻠﻮم ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ 18/2 و 25/9 درﺻﺪي ﺳﻮﭘﺮاﻛﺴﻴﺪ دﻳﺴﻤﻮﺗﺎز و ﮔﻠﻮﺗﺎﺗﻴﻮن ﭘﺮاﻛﺴﻴﺪاز در ﺗﻴﻤﺎر آﺑﻴﺎري در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آﺑﻴﺎري در 50 درﺻﺪ ﻇﺮﻗﻴﺖ زراﻋﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻣﻴﺰان ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد در اﻳﻦ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ در ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ آﺑﻴﺎري ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻧﺪﻛﻲ ﻧﺸﺎن داد و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد در ﺗﻴﻤﺎر آﺑﻴﺎري در 50 درﺻﺪ ﻇﺮﻗﻴﺖ زراﻋﻲ و ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ آزوﺳﭙﻴﺮﻳﻠﻮم ﻓﻘﻂ 13/2 درﺻﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ آﺑﻴﺎري ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ. داده ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد كودزﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺟﻮ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻛﻤﺒﻮد آب در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ رﺷﺪ دارد.

To evaluate the qualitative traits of barley in response to biofertilizers (Azotobacter, Pseudomonas and Azospirillum) with affected by different regimes of irrigation the experiment was carried out in Karaj Azad University research field in 2013 with split plot based on Completely Randomize Block Design with four replications. In this experiment irrigation treatments were in main plots with three levels which interrupt of irrigation at 80, 65 and 50% of field capacity (normal irrigation), (35 and 50 percent of humidity discharge) and sub plots contained seed inoculation with bacteria such as |inoculation with Azospirillum lipoferum, Azotobacter chrococcum, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas×Azotobacter, Pseudomonas×Azospirillum, Azotobacter×Azospirillum | and control (un inoculation) in seven levels. The results of analysis of variance showed that biofertilizer had significant effect on antioxidant enzymes at 1% probability. The activity of antioxidant enzymes affected with biofertilizers were increased at water deficit condition which Azospirillum lipoferum caused increasing about 16.7% and 21.4% and Pseudomonas×Azospirillum caused increasing about 18.2% and 25.9% for superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in irrigation at 50% of field capacity, respectively than control. Yield showed low decrease in irrigation at 50% of field capacity than normal irrigation such as yield decreasing in irrigation at 50% of field capacity was only about 13.2% with affected by Azospirillum than normal irrigation. The data showed that biofertilizer have efficient role on barley yield at water deficit condition