اﺛﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ و ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻛﻢ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد دو رﻗﻢ ﺳﻮﻳﺎ (Glycin Max L.) در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺧﺮم آﺑﺎد

Evaluation the effect of drought stress and foliar micronutrients on yield of two soybean cultivars (Glycin Max L.) in Khorramabad region

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ و ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻛﻢ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ، ﻣﻘﺪار ﭘﺮوﺗﻴﻴﻦ و روﻏﻦ داﻧﺔ ﺳﻮﻳﺎ، آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﺳﭙﻠﻴﺖ_ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻳﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ در 4 ﺗﻜﺮار در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﻲ 1393-94 در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ واﺣﺪ ﺧﺮمآﺑﺎد اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮر ﺗﻨﺶ رﻃﻮﺑﺘﻲ S در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ (s1= آﺑﻴﺎري ﻧﺮﻣﺎل، s2 = ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ از ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ 50 درﺻﺪ ﮔﻠﺪﻫﻲ و s3 = ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ از ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ 50 درﺻﺪ ﻏﻼف دﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ در آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ آﺑﻴﺎري در زﻣﺎن اﻋﻤﺎل 60، 120 و 120 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ از ﺗﺸﺘﻚ ﻛﻼس A ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﻲ و ﻋﺎﻣﻞ رﻗﻢ V، ﺷﺎﻣﻞ رﻗﺎم (V1 =M7 و V2 = M9) و ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻛﻢ ﻣﺼﺮف آﻫﻦ، روي، ﺑﺮ، ﻣﺲ، ﻣﻨﮕﻨﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 2/5 ﺗﺎ 3 ﻟﻴﺘﺮ در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر) M در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ (ﻋﺪم ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﻲ =M1، ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﻲ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠه 50 درﺻﺪ ﮔﻠﺪﻫﻲ =M2 و ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﻲ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠه 50 درﺻﺪ ﮔﻠﺪﻫﻲ و 50 درﺻﺪ ﻏﻼف دﻫﻲ =M3) ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻳﻞ، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد اﺛﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ، ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻛﻢﻣﺼﺮف و رﻗﻢ در ﺳﻄﺢ آﻣﺎري ﻳﻚ درﺻﺪ و اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ در ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﻲ در ﺳﻄﺢ آﻣﺎري ﭘﻨﺞ درﺻﺪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺳﻮﻳﺎ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﻄﻮري ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر آﺑﻴﺎري ﻧﺮﻣﺎل (بدون ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ) ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ 3192 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر و ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺗﻨﺶ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮔﻠﺪﻫﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ 2211 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر ﺑﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﻛﻤﻲ و ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﺳﻮﻳﺎ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺪون ﺗﻨﺶ، ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﻲ در دو ﻣﺮﺣﻠه 50 درﺻﺪ ﮔﻠﺪﻫﻲ و 50 درﺻﺪ ﻏﻼف دﻫﻲ و رﻗﻢ M7 و ﺣﺴﺎس ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠه رﺷﺪي ﺳﻮﻳﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠه ﮔﻠﺪﻫﻲ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ داده ﺷﺪ.

To evaluate the effects of drought and foliar micronutrients on yield, protein and oil content of soybeans, Split factorial randomized complete block design with four replications in crop year 2015-2014 was conducted at the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad. Stress factor in three levels (control, tension and stress in flowering stage to the stage of pod) as the main factors and the factors at two levels (the M7 and the M9) and foliar application of micronutrients in three levels (non-sprayed, at the stage of flowering and foliar spray at flowering and pod filling stage) factorial trial were considered as secondary factors. The results showed the effects of drought stress, foliar application of micronutrients and the statistical level of 1% and sprayed on the surface of the interaction of drought stress in 5% had significant effect on grain yield. So that the highest grain yield of 3192 kg per hectare with an average normal irrigation and the lowest yield related to stress at flowering stage with an average of 2211 kg per hectare. The highest yield and quality of soybean in non-stress conditions, flowering and pod filling stage and sprayed in two digits (M7) were the most sensitive growth stages of soybean to drought stress is the flowering stage.