ارزيابي رقم ها و لاين هاي گندم براي تحمل به خشكي آخر فصل با استفاده از شاخص هاي تحمل و حساسيت به خشكي

Evaluation of wheat cultivars and lines for terminal drought tolerance using drought tolerance and susceptibility indices

اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ واﻛﻨﺶ ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﻨﺪم ﻧﺎن (Triticum aestivum L.) و دوروم (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﮔﻠﺪﻫﻲ و ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻤﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ، در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي زراﻋﻲ 91-1390 و 92-1391 در اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻛﺸﺎورزي زرﻗﺎن اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺗﻌﺪاد 168 رﻗﻢ و ﻻﻳﻦ ﮔﻨﺪم (166 ﮔﻨﺪم ﻧﺎن و 2 ﮔﻨﺪم دوروم) در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ (ﻗﻄﻊ آﺑﻴﺎري از ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮔﺮده اﻓﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ) و آﺑﻴﺎري ﻛﺎﻣﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ آﻟﻔﺎﻻﺗﻴﺲ ﺑﺎ دو ﺗﻜﺮار ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ رﻗﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﻤﺮه، روﺷﻦ و ﻳﻜﻮرا روﺧﻮ (Yecora Rojo) در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آﺑﻴﺎري ﻛﺎﻣﻞ و رﻗﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﻤﺮه، روﺷﻦ و ﻛﺎﭘﺘﻲ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ را داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﻲ دار ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻫﺎرﻣﻮﻧﻴﻚ (HARM)، ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﻬﺮه وري (GMP)، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ (STI)، ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺑﻬﺮه وري (MP)، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ (DI)، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد (YI) و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ (MSTIs و MSTIp) ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ و آﺑﻴﺎري ﻛﺎﻣﻞ، اﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻏﺮﺑﺎل ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ رﺗﺒﻪ و اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﻴﺎر رﺗﺒﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه و ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﺎي ﭘﻼت (Biplot) ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ (PCA) اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻻﻳﻦ ﻫﺎ و رﻗﻢﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﻤﺮه، روﺷﻦ، ﻛﺎﭘﺘﻲ، اﻛﺒﺮي و DN11 ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.

In order to evaluate the performance of bread (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) wheat genotypes under drought stress conditions after anthesis and determination of the most suitable quantitative drought stress tolerance indices, this investigation was performed during 2011-12 and 2012-13 cropping season in Zarghan Agricultural Research Station. A number of 168 wheat lines/cultivars (166 bread wheat and 2 durum wheat) were evaluated in alpha lattice experiment with two replications under stress (no irrigation after anthesis) and full irrigation conditions. Results showed that Seymareh, Roshan and Yecora Rojo cultivars , under full irrigation and Seymareh, Roshan and Kapeti under stress conditions had maximum grain yield. With respect to positive and significant correlation of Harmonic Mean (HARM), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP), Stress Tolerance index (STI), Mean Productivity (MP), Drought Resistance Index (DI), Yield Index (YI), Modified Stress Tolerance Index for stress (MSTIs) and Modified Stress Tolerance Index for irrigated conditions (MSTIp), with grain yield under stress (Ys) and full irrigation (Yp) conditions, this indices introduced as the best screening criteria in the experiment situations. Screening of drought tolerant genotypes was performed using Mean Rank and Rank standard deviation of selected indices, and Biplot analysis with regard to Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Finally, cultivars/lines of Seymareh, Roshan, Kapeti, Akbari and DN11 introduced as the most tolerant genotypes.