ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ، ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ و رواﺑﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﺖ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻨﺪم دوروم

Factor analysis genetic correlation and path analysis of different traits in durum wheat genotypes

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ رواﺑﻂ ﻋﻠﻲ و ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ ﮔﻨﺪم دوروم، آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ 18 ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﻜﺮار در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﻲ 94-1393 در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻛﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. در ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺎ، ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮر اول ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﺑﺮگ ﭘﺮﭼﻢ، ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮر دوم ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع و ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮر ﺳﻮم ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد زﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﻮده، ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﻛﺎه، ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ و ﻃﻮل ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻗﻮي ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ رﮔﺮﺳﻴﻮن ﮔﺎم ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎم و ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﺖ، ﺻﻔﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﻛﺎه، ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ و ﻃﻮل ﭘﺪاﻧﻜﻞ وارد ﻣﺪل رﮔﺮﺳﻴﻮﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﻛﺎه داراي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ و ﺑﺰرگ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﻮد. از آﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﻛﺎه اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي داﺷﺘﻨﺪ، ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻼح ﮔﻨﺪم دوروم ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺗﻮﺟﻪ داﺷﺖ. در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ، ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﺎي ﭘﻼت ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﺻﻔﺎت و ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎه ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻫﺎ در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ آﻧﻬﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ و ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺎس، ارﻗﺎم Pod-20 ،Seimareh ،Dehdasht و Alas ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ارﻗﺎم ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.

In order to investigate the path analysis of effective traits on durum wheat yield, an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with 18 genotypes and four replications in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Lorestan province during 2014–2015. In Factor analysis, the first factor was named as influencing factor on flag leaf characteristics, the second factor was named as influencing factor on height, and the third factor was named as influencing factors on yield performance. According to results of genetic correlations, biomass yield, straw yield, kernel per spike and spike length had very strong positive correlation with grain yield. According to results of stepwise regression and path analysis, straw yield, kernel per spike and peduncle length entered to the regression model, and so the straw yield had highest and largest direct effect on grain yield. As kernel per spike and straw yield were more important, these traits could be advisable in breeding programs of durum wheat. In present research, bi-plot analysis was used to simultaneous study of traits and discrimination of genotypes related to these traits, and hence, genotypes of Dehdasht, Seimareh, Pod-20 and Alas were introduced as hopefull genotypes for future breeding programs.