كليدواژه :
رﻗﺎﺑﺖ , ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ازدﺣﺎم ﻧﺴﺒﻲ , ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮي زﻣﻴﻦ , ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ رﻗﺎﺑﺖ
چكيده فارسي :
ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ، ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ در اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻮدﻣﻨﺪي ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان (Helianthus annuus L.) و ﻟﻮﺑﻴﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﮔﻴﻼن (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)، آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﻲ 1393-94، در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﺮار در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺻﻮﻣﻌﻪ ﺳﺮا، اﻳﺮان، اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺸﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 0:100، 25:75، 50:50، 75:25 و 100:0 (ﻟﻮﺑﻴﺎ:آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان) ﺑﻪ روش ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط اﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻏﻼف در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ ﻟﻮﺑﻴﺎ و در آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان ﺑﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﻗﻄﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻃﺒﻖ در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، وزن ﺻﺪ داﻧﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﻃﺒﻖ و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮي زﻣﻴﻦ (LER)، در ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺸﺖ 25:75 و 50:50 (لوﺑﻴﺎ:آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان) ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﻳﻚ ﺑﻮد، ﺣﺎل آﻧﻜﻪ در ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻛﺸﺖ 75:25 ﻟﻮﺑﻴﺎ:آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان، ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 1/15 ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ، ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ اﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ داراي ﺳﻮدﻣﻨﺪي 15 درﺻﺪ در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻚ ﻛﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﻮد. ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ازدﺣﺎم ﻧﺴﺒﻲ (RCC) در ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺸﺖ 75:25 و 50:50 (لوﺑﻴﺎ:آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان) ﺑﺮاي آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از ﻳﻚ ﺑﻮد، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﻴﺎه ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻮد و ﻟﻮﺑﻴﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ RCC ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﻴﺎه ﻣﻐﻠﻮب ﺑﻮد. ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ رﻗﺎﺑﺖ (RC) در ﺗﻤﺎم ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺸﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﻟﻮﺑﻴﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﻳﻚ ﺑﻮد، ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﻟﻮﺑﻴﺎ در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮي دارد. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ رﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻟﻮﺑﻴﺎ و آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ داﺷﺖ و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ اﺧﺘﻼط 75:25 (لوﺑﻴﺎ:آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان) ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺑﻮد.
چكيده لاتين :
Intercropping beside of increasing of yield than sole crops, enhance heterogeneity and biodiversity in agroecosystems. To evaluate yield and productivity indices of Guilan lanrace bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) intercropping, a field experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications in 2014-15 growing season, at Somea-Sara, Iran. The planting ratios were 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 (bean: sunflower) using replacement method. Intercropping had significant effect on pods per plant and seed yield of bean, and it had significant on plant height, head diameter, heads per plant, 100 seed weight, seeds per head and grain yield of sunflower. The land equivalent ratio (LER) were less than one in 75:25 and 50:50 (bean: sunflower) intercropping ratios, while it was equal to 1.15 in 25:75 bean-sunflower intercropping ratio, which indicates the intercropping cultivation of beans-sunflower had the highest efficiency by 15%. Sunflower in the planting ratios of 25:75 and 50:50 (bean: sunflower) had the highest relative crowding coefficient (RCC), therefore it was a dominant crop and bean had the least RCC and was a reccesive crop. The competitive ratio value (CR) of bean was less than one, which this means that bean was less competitive than sunflower in the intercropping system. It is concluded that sunflower and bean intercropping system have a substantial advantage compared to sole cropping systems and the intercroping ratios of 25:75 (bean-sunflower) was as superior planting ratio.
