ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ آراﻳﺶ ﻛﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ و ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت رﻳﺨﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺳﻮﻳﺎ (Glycine max L.) در رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز

Effect of planting patterns on grain yield and morphological characteristics of soybean (glycine max l.) in the competition with weeds

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ آراﻳﺶ ﻛﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻳﺎ در رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز، آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻳﺎﺳﻮج در ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 1389 اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﺳﭙﻠﻴﺖ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻳﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﻲ، ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز در دو ﺳﻄﺢ (ﺑﺎ و ﺑﺪون ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز) و ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ردﻳﻒ (30، 45 و 60 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ) و ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻛﺎﺷﺖ ﺳﻮﻳﺎ (40، 50 و 60 ﺑﻮﺗﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ) ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻛﺎﺷﺖ و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ردﻳﻒ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري ﺑﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ، ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺳﻮﻳﺎ داﺷﺖ. ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ردﻳﻒ، ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺳﻮﻳﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ؛ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮد داﻧـﻪ (240/60 ﮔـﺮم ﺑـﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ) از ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ 60 ﺑﻮﺗﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ و در ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮد داﻧـﻪ (236/8 ﮔـﺮم ﺑـﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑـﻊ) از ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﻛﺎﺷـﺖ 30 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز (ﺳﻠﻤﻪ ﺗﺮه و ﺗﺎج ﺧﺮوس) ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺗـﻪ و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ردﻳﻒ ﻛﺎﺷﺖ ﺳﻮﻳﺎ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ؛ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﻛﻪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻛﺎﺷﺖ ﺳﻮﻳﺎ از 40 ﺑﻪ 60 ﺑﻮﺗﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ردﻳﻒ ﺳـﻮﻳﺎ از 60 ﺑﻪ 30 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ 22/7 و 29/8 درﺻﺪي وزن ﺧﺸﻚ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز ﺗﺎج ﺧﺮوس ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ در آراﻳﺶ ﻛﺎﺷﺖ (ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ردﻳﻒ ﻛﺎﺷﺖ) در ﺳﻮﻳﺎ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮان رﻗﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﮔﻴﺎه زراﻋﻲ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ راﻫﻜﺎر زراﻋﻲ و ﻏﻴﺮ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﺛﺮ ﺗﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد.

To investigate the effect of planting patterns on morphological characteristics of soybean (cv. Villiam) in the competition with weeds, an experiment was carried out in summer of 2010 at the field of Agriculture Research Station of Yasouj University. In this study a split factorial was used based on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The main factors were (weedy and weed control) and subplots were row spacing (30, 45 and 60 cm) and soybean plant density (40, 50 and 60 plants m -2). The results showed that plant density and row spacing of soybean had significant effects on plant height, leaf area index, stem diameter and grain yield of soybean. With increasing of density and reduction of row spacing, increased grain yield of soybean, so that among the density different treatments the highest grain yield (240.6 gr m-2) was obtained from density of 60 plants m-2 and among the treatments of row spacing different the most grain yield (236.8 gr m-2) was obtained from 30 cm row spacing. Weed morphological characteristics (Lambsquarters and Amaranthus) was significantly affect by the plant density and row spacing of soybean, so that increasing of plant density and reduction of row spacing led to reduction of 22.7 and 29.8 percent dry weight of Amaranthus of weeds, respectively. The results, totally showed that changes in soybean planting patterns (plant spacing and row spacing) via effects on plant competitive ability against weed can be used as an cultural and non-chemical method for weed control.