اﺛﺮات ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪه ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت آب آﺑﻴﺎري ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ در ارﻗﺎم ﺟﻮ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰه

The residual effects of sodium carbonate of irrigation water on yield and chemical markers activity in autumn barley cultivars

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪه ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت آب آﺑﻴﺎري ﺑﺮ ﮔﻴﺎه ﺟﻮ (Hordeum vulgare) و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ، ﻃﺮﺣـﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮرت ﻛﺮت ﻳﻜﺒﺎر ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﻜﺮار در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ واﺣﺪ ﻛﺮج در ﺳﺎل 1392 اﺟﺮا ﺷـﺪ در اﻳﻦ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ارﻗﺎم ﺟﻮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ واﻟﻔﺠﺮ و ارس در ﻛﺮت اﺻﻠﻲ و ﺗﻴﻤﺎر آﺑﻴﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪه ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت در آب آﺑﻴﺎري در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳـﻄﺢ (ﺷﺎﻫﺪ، 1، 2 و 3 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ اﻛﻲ واﻻن ﺑﺮ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ) در ﻛﺮت ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. در اﻳﻦ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺻﻔﺎﺗﻲ از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ، وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧـﻪ و ﻣﻴـﺰان ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺎﻟﻮن دي آﻟﺪﺋﻴﺪ، دي ﺗﻴﺮوزﻳﻦ و دي ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺴﻲ ﮔﻮآﻧﻮزﻳﻦ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري در ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت آب آﺑﻴﺎري و ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻳﻚ درﺻﺪ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ 41/3 درﺻﺪي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻻي ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪت ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎت آب آﺑﻴﺎري ﺑﻮد و ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ، در اﻳﻦ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ رﻗﻢ واﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ آب آﺑﻴﺎري ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻲ ﺗـﻮان از ﻣﻴـﺰان ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﺶ ارﻗﺎم ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﺷﻮري آب آﺑﻴﺎري اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮد.

To evaluate the residual effects of sodium carbonate of irrigation water on barley (Hordeum vulgare) and chemical markers activity, an experiment was carried out in research field of Karaj Islamic Azad University in 2013 with split plot based on Completely randomize blocks design with four replications. In this experiment barely cultivars including Valfajr and Aras were in main plot and different rates of sodium carbonate of irrigation water in four levels (control,1, 2 and 3 meq lit–1) were in sub plot. In this experiment the traits such as grain yield, 1000 seed weight and the rate of chemical markers such as malondialdehyde, di tyrosine and di hydroxy guanosine were assayed. The results showed that there was significant difference between sodium carbonate of irrigation water and cultivar treatments at 1% level also mean comparison represent decreased about 41.3% of grain yield with affected by high rates of sodium carbonate in comparison with control. The results also revealed that the level activity of chemical markers was highly affected by sodium carbonate of irrigation water and caused increasing them. In general, Valfajr identified as more resistant cultivar to sodium of irrigation water. Moreover, the rate of chemical markers can be used in selected resistant cultivars to salinity of irrigation water.