زمينه ها و عوامل مؤثر بر منازعات شيعيان و سنيان بغداد در عصر حاكميت آل بويه

The Effective Backgrounds and Factors on Sunni-Shiite Struggles in Baghdad under Buyids Dominion

ﺑﻐﺪاد، داراﻟﺨﻼﻓﮥ ﻋﺒﺎﺳﯿﺎن ﮐﻪ ﺷﻤﺎري از ﻓﺮﻗﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻧﺤﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ را در ﺧﻮد ﺟﺎي داده ﺑﻮد، در ﺳﺪة ﭼﻬﺎرم ﻫﺠﺮي ﮐﻪ آل ﺑﻮﯾﻪ ﺑﺮ آن ﺳﻠﻄﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ، ﺻﺤﻨﻪ ﻧﺰاع و ﮐﺸﻤﮑﺶ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺷﯿﻌﯿﺎن و ﺳﻨﯿﺎن ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﺠﺎدﻻت، از ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ آﻏﺎز و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪرﯾﺞ، ﺑﻪ ﺻﺤﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﮐﺸﯿﺪه ﺷﺪ و آراﻣﺶ ﻣﺪﻧﯽ را ﺑﺮ ﻫﻢ زد. درﺳﺖ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻓﺮﻗﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺳﻼﻣﯽ در ﻃﻮل ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻧﻈﺮ داﺷﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ؛ اﻣﺎ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ، اﺧﺘﻼف ﻫﺎ و ﻣﻨﺎزﻋﺎت ﺷﯿﻌﻪ و ﺳﻨﯽ ﻧﻤﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﯾﺎﻓﺖ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﺪون درﮔﯿﺮي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﭙﺮي ﻣﯽ ﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ روش ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و روﯾﮑﺮد ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ـ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ، ﻣﯽ ﮐﻮﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﺗﮑﻮﯾﻦ، ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻨﺎزﻋﺎت ﻣﯿﺎن ﺷﯿﻌﯿﺎن و ﺳﻨﯿﺎن در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ اﯾﻔﺎي ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﭙﺮدازد.

Baghdad, the Abbasid Capital, which contained some factions became the field for struggle between Shiites and Sunnis. These controversies did not limited to cultural domains and centers, and spread gradually to social scenes and disturbed the civil peace. It is right that there has been struggle and conflict among the Islamic factions during the history, but in this era, the struggle between the Shiite and Sunnis became more violent than ever before. The present study-which is based on a descriptive and analytical approach through the qualitative method with – was aimed to clarify backgrounds and factors which acted in rebating and intensifying the struggles between the Shiite and Sunnis which in turn determine and explain such initiatives.