از ﻫﺮﻣﻨﻮﺗﯿﮏ ﺗﻮﺣﯿﺪي ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎراداﯾﻢ ﺗﻮﺣﯿﺪي؛ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻄﻮر روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ آﻣﻨﻪ ودود در ﻓﻬﻢ ﻗﺮآن

From Monotheistic Hermeneutics to Monotheistic Paradigm Change of Amina Wadud's Methodology in Interpretation of the Quran

ﻇﻬﻮر ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻓﻤﯿﻨﯿﺴﻢ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ در دﻫﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ و ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻫﺎي آﻧﺎن از آﯾﺎت زﻧﺎن در ﻗﺮآن، ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎري را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد ﺟﻠﺐ ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ. آﻣﻨﻪ ودود ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﭼﻬﺮه اﯾﻦ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﭘﺲ از اراﺋﻪ روش «ﻫﺮﻣﻨﻮﺗﯿﮏ ﺗﻮﺣﯿﺪي» در ﺑﺎزﺧﻮاﻧﯽ آﯾﺎت زﻧﺎن در ﻗﺮآن، روﺷﯽ ﻧﻮﯾﻦ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺑﻬﺮه ﻣﻨﺪي از «ﭘﺎراداﯾﻢ ﺗﻮﺣﯿﺪي» در ﮐﺘﺎب ﺟﺪﯾﺪش اﺗﺨﺎذ ﻧﻤﻮد. ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻌﯿﺖ از وي، ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻓﻤﯿﻨﯿﺴﻢ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﭘﺲ از اراﺋﻪ روش ﻫﺎﯾﯽ در ﻓﻬﻢ آﯾﺎت و رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﮕﻨﺎ، ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻔﻆ و ﺗﺪاوم ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﺧﻮد در ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﻼم، در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ اﯾﻦ روش ﻧﻮﯾﻦ را ﺑﺮﮔﺰﯾﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﭘﺲ از ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ دو ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺮ روش ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺗﺨﺎذ آﻣﻨﻪ ودود، ﯾﮑﯽ در ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﻼم و دﯾﮕﺮي در ﻏﺮب، روش ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺑﻖ وي ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﯽ و ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺑﻪ اﺟﻤﺎل ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد و در اداﻣﻪ، ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﺎوﯾﻦ ﭘﺎراداﯾﻢ ﺗﻮﺣﯿﺪي در ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﻘﺾ اﺗﻮرﯾﺘﺎرﯾﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮي، اﻋﻼم ﭘُﻠﯽ ﺗﺌﯿﺴﻢ درﺻﻮرت ﺗﺴﺎوي ﻣﺮﺟﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﺮداﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﯿﺖ اﻟﻬﯽ، ﭘﺎراداﯾﻢ ﺗﻮﺣﯿﺪي در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﯿﺎن ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ و ﻗﺮآن، اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻪ اﻣﮑﺎن «ﻧﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﻦ» و... ﺑﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري وي از ﯾﮏ اﺻﻞ ﮐﻠﯿﺪي ﻗﺮآﻧﯽ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ «ﭘﺎراداﯾﻢ ﺗﻮﺣﯿﺪي» در روش اﺧﯿﺮش ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮدازﯾﻢ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ، ﻣﻮارد ﭘﯿﺶ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻃﯽ ﻋﻨﺎوﯾﻨﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻘﺪ و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد ﮐﻪ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﺗﻀﺎد ﺗﻘﺪس و اﻟﻮﻫﯿﺖ ﻗﺮآن ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰ آن از ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ، ﻧﺎدﯾﺪه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ ﻗﺮآن و ﻋﺘﺮت، ﺑﯽ اﺳﺎس ﺑﻮدن اﺗﻬﺎم اﺗﻮرﯾﺘﺎرﯾﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢ و ﭘﻠﯽ ﺗﺌﯿﺴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻨﺖ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮي، ﻋﻘﯿﺪه ﺑﻪ «درﻧﮓ وﺟﺪاﻧﯽ» روﯾﮑﺮدي ﻧﺎدرﺳﺖ در ﻓﻬﻢ اﺟﺘﻬﺎد و... اﺷﺎره ﻧﻤﻮد.

The appearance of Islamic feminism in recent decades and their interpretations of women's verses in the Qur'an have attracted much attention. Amina Wadud, the most prominent person in this movement after introducing the method of "monotheistic hermeneutics" in revising the verses of women in the Quran, adopted a new method based on the use of the "monotheistic paradigm" in his new book. According to him, the of Islamic feminism progress has, in recent years, chosen a new method after presenting ways to understand the verses and reach the bottleneck in order to maintain its identity in the Islamic world. In this paper, after introducing two approaches influences on the methods of adopting Amina Wadud, one in the Islamic world and the other in the West, his former methods are introduced and examined in a thematic and historical approach. Subsequently, under the headings of the monotheistic paradigm in denying Interpretative authoritarianism, announcement of polytheism in equality of men's authority with divine authority, monotheistic paradigm to express the distinction between God and the Qur'an, a new strategy to justify the possibility of "say no to the text" and ... to how she uses a key Qur'anic principle "monotheistic paradigm" is discussed in our recent method, and finally, the foregoing The topics are criticized and evaluated, including the conflict between the sanctity and the divine nature of the Qur'an, differentiating it from God, ignoring the connection between the Quran and the Etrat, basing the accusation of authoritarianism and polytheism Polytheism to classic interpretation and consciousness pause as a wrong approach in understanding Ijtihad.